{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T19:55:36Z","timestamp":1783540536643,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but this variety has led to several long-standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not comparable. This creates a fundamental problem in TBI diagnostics and outcome prediction, namely that it is not possible to equate results drawn from distinct tools and symptom inventories. Here, we present an approach using semantic textual similarity (STS) to link symptoms and scores across previously incongruous symptom inventories by ranking item text similarities according to their conceptual likeness. We tested the ability of four pretrained deep learning models to screen thousands of symptom description pairs for related content\u2014a challenging task typically requiring expert panels. Models were tasked to predict symptom severity across four different inventories for 6,607 participants drawn from 16 international data sources. The STS approach achieved 74.8% accuracy across five tasks, outperforming other models tested. Correlation and factor analysis found the properties of the scales were broadly preserved under conversion. This work suggests that incorporating contextual, semantic information can assist expert decision-making processes, yielding broad gains for the harmonization of TBI assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:29:09Z","timestamp":1744172949000},"page":"1008-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Linking Symptom Inventories Using Semantic Textual Similarity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Eamonn","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank","family":"Vadlamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3826-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah M.","family":"Lindsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly S.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Office of Analytics and Performance Integration (VHA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen","family":"Dams O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronak","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houshang H.","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raeda K.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crawford Research Institute, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."},{"name":"Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talin","family":"Babikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"UCLA BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Health and Sport, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Pomona, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Bigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7009-6843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Caeyenberghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Delano-Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System; 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