{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:20:51Z","timestamp":1788520851402,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurotrauma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Children with concussion are injured through a variety of mechanisms, but the relationship between mechanism of injury (MOI) and recovery outcomes is unclear due to small sample sizes and varied methodological designs. Our objective was to examine the association of MOI and clinical recovery in youth with concussion using a large dataset collated from a single, multisite study. We hypothesized that sport-related concussion would be related to better clinical presentation and faster recovery trajectories compared to other mechanisms of concussion. This study was a secondary analysis of data collected during the Predicting and Preventing Postconcussive Problems in Pediatrics study. Children and adolescents with concussion (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 3056) completed the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3rd Edition and Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) within 48 h following injury. Follow-up sessions at 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-weeks post injury were completed using the PCSI and Pediatric Quality of Life Scale (PedsQL) scales. Acute clinical outcomes were analyzed using analysis of variances or chi-square analyses, while recovery trajectories were evaluated using linear and logistic regression. No MOI-based differences in acute clinical presentation were observed, except for balance outcomes in 13\u201317 year old (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>[2,1001]<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 5.69,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003). Symptoms improved over time regardless of age (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). In 8\u201312 and 3\u201317 year olds, quality of life improved over time and was significantly higher in the sports group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The \u201cother\u201d mechanism group had higher odds of persistent symptoms at 4-week than the sports group in 8\u201312 year olds (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.20, 3.40,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008), while this finding was reversed in the 13\u201317 group (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38, 0.99,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.045). Sport-related concussions were generally associated with better symptom and quality of life scores in older children, but these differences were modest and unlikely to be clinically significant. Regardless of MOI, most children experienced clinical improvements across the first three months following concussion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T12:42:26Z","timestamp":1744893746000},"page":"1631-1640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mechanism of Injury and Clinical Recovery Outcomes Following Pediatric Concussion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Gudymenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia G.","family":"Iuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle J.","family":"Gagnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada."},{"name":"Montreal Children\u2019s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7348-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grant L.","family":"Iverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1946-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Mass General for Children Sports Concussion Program, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Zemek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada."},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth F.","family":"Teel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada."},{"name":"School of Health, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1726\/9\/s41997-018-0037-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2010.531687"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514560994"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-93-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1203"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.1082"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120950682"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2988"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-105598"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.3.0477"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0358"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2022.0078"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2023.2190522"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acaa086"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0181.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12056"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000051"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2018.322"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003550"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092313"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092225"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acu014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199902000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2495\/3\/turkjped.2021.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2019.1649356"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76390-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2671\/7\/BJSTR.2021.34.005596"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40817-020-00087-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.3820"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2016.4842"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.8.PEDS18356"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.2900"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1367\/1539-4409(2003)003<0329:TPAAPP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-023-01095-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-021-01416-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2156-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2018-0671"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2388"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","volume-title":"Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects","author":"Thomas TC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas TC, , Colburn TA, , Korp K, et al. 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