{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:45:55Z","timestamp":1777927555674,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Undiagnosed concussions increase the risk of additional concussion and persistent symptoms from concussion. Because there are no reliable objective markers of concussion, self-reporting of subjective and non-visible symptoms are critical to ensuring proper concussion management. For this reason, educational interventions target concussion reporting, but the majority of studies have examined the efficacy of single educational interventions or compared interventions to one another. This randomized crossover study sought to identify whether there was benefit to administering multiple concussion education programs in tandem, back to back. The study randomized 313 male high school football players to first receive CrashCourse concussion education (CC) or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention video concussion education (CDC) followed by crossover with the other education. Athlete concussion-reporting intention, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and enjoyment of education were assessed at baseline and after each intervention. There were statistically significant improvements across all measures, both after single intervention and crossover (all\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Secondary analyses examining differences between education found that athletes reported higher enjoyment of concussion education immediately after participating in CC, as compared to CDC (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings demonstrate an additive benefit to implementing CC and CDC education in tandem, without decrement in enjoyment of concussion education after experiencing dual educations; in fact, enjoyment of concussion education improved after receiving education programs back to back. These educational programs appear to complement one another, and the results support the use of multi-modal concussion education to differentially target and maximize concussion reporting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2021.0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T11:23:33Z","timestamp":1639049013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Participating in Two Video Concussion Education Programs Sequentially Improves Concussion-Reporting Intention"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Daneshvar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Baugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto D.","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Yutsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy D.","family":"Pea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald A.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Cantu Concussion Center, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Zafonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hainline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piya","family":"Sorcar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4635"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-338-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318291d3b3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2019-100579"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280050401"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2549"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091941"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.141.1MA3.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-362-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2020.1719493"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/509-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Concussion education in U.S. collegiate sport: what is happening and what do athletes want? Health Educ","volume":"43","author":"Kroshus E.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kroshus E., , and Baugh C.M. (2016). Concussion education in U.S. collegiate sport: what is happening and what do athletes want? Health Educ. Behav. 43, 182\u2013190.","journal-title":"Behav"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198119859414"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102185"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3182639bb4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8244-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000137"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.775508"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyy034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","volume-title":"Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"Glanz K.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glanz K., , Rimer B.K., , and Viswanath K. (eds). (2008). Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6637"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2020.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580211022641"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","unstructured":"The National Federation of State High School Associations. (2018). Three Revised Online Courses Including \u201cConcussion in Sports \u201d Available for Free on NFHS Learning Center [cited 2021 Mar 26 ]. www.nfhs.org\/articles\/three-revised-online-courses-including-concussion-in-sports-available-for-free-on-nfhs-learning-center\/ (Last accessed November29 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","unstructured":"TeachAids. (date unknown). CrashCourse free concussion education products. TeachAids: Palo Alto CA. https:\/\/teachaids.org\/for-concussions\/products\/ (Last accessed November29 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","unstructured":"The National Federation of State High School Associations. ([date unknown]). Concussion in Sports [cited 2021 Mar 26 ]. nfhslearn.com\/courses\/61151. (Last accessed November29 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198115602676"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6161"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.25.5.729"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","first-page":"1394","article-title":"How effective is drug abuse resistance education?","volume":"84","author":"Ennett S.T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ennett S.T., , Tobler N.S., , Ringwalt C.L., , and Flewelling R.L. (1994). How effective is drug abuse resistance education?. A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations. Am. J. Public Health, 84, 1394\u20131401.","journal-title":"A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations. Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01652"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16197"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000195"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2019.1586630"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-020-00241-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001128"}],"container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neur.2021.0033","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2021.0033","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2021.0033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:47:19Z","timestamp":1777675639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neur.2021.0033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neur.2021.0033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neur.2021.0033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-288X","2689-288X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-288X","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-288X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"article-number":"neur.2021.0033"}}