{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T08:27:39Z","timestamp":1790497659295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications (NHOs) are incapacitating complications of traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries (SCI) that manifest as abnormal bone formation in periarticular muscles. Using a unique model of NHO after SCI in genetically unmodified mice, we have previously established that the innate immune system plays a key driving role in NHO pathogenesis. The role of adaptive immune cells in NHO pathogenesis, however, remains unexplored in this model. Here we established that B lymphocytes were reduced in the spleen and blood after SCI and increased in muscles of mice in which NHO develops, whereas minimal changes in T cell frequencies were noted. Interestingly,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rag1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice lacking mature T and B lymphocytes, developed NHO, similar to wild-type mice. Finally, mice that underwent splenectomy before SCI and muscle damage also developed NHO to the same extent as non-splenectomized SCI controls. Overall, our findings show that functional T and B lymphocytes have minimal influence or dispensable contributions to NHO development after experimental SCI in mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2021.0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T16:26:45Z","timestamp":1645633605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lymphocytes Are Not Required for Neurogenic Heterotopic Ossification Development after Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kylie A.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsu-Wen","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Kulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedryck","family":"Vaquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gen\u00eat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPOH (Unit\u00e9 P\u00e9ri Op\u00e9ratoire du Handicap, Perioperative Disability Unit), Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine department, Raymond-Poincar\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Garches, France."},{"name":"Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ); UFR Simone Veil\u2014Sant\u00e9, END: ICAP, Inserm U1179, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Ruitenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Garches Neuro-Orthopaedics Research Group (GRENOG), Garches, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"L\u00e9vesque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016632"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.775490"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Prevalence and risk-factors of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in traumatic spinal cord and traumatic brain injured patients admitted to specialised units in Australia","volume":"14","author":"Reznik J.E.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reznik J.E., , Biros E., , Marshall R., , Jelbart M., , Milanese S., , Gordon S., , and Galea M.P. 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