{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:21Z","timestamp":1787008221860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    <jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The goal of this study was to ascertain the efficacy, safety, and comparability of ultra-early cranioplasty (CP; defined here as &lt;30 days from the original craniectomy) to conventional cranioplasty (defined here as &gt;30 days from the original craniectomy). A retrospective review of CPs performed at our institution between January 2016 and July 2020 was performed. Craniectomies initially performed at other institutions were excluded. Seventy-seven CPs were included in our study. Ultra-early CP was defined as CP performed within 30 days of craniectomy whereas conventional CP occurred after 30 days. Post-operative wound infection rates, rate of return to the operating room (OR) with or without bone flap removal, operative length, and rate of post-CP hydrocephalus were compared between the two groups. Thirty-nine and 38 patients were included in the ultra-early and conventional CP groups, respectively. The average number of days to CP in the ultra-early group was 17.70\u2009\u00b1\u20097.75 days compared to 95.70\u2009\u00b1\u200965.60 days in the conventional group. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale upon arrival to the emergency room was 7.28\u2009\u00b1\u20093.90 and 6.92\u2009\u00b1\u20094.14 for the ultra-early and conventional groups, respectively. The operative time was shorter in the ultra-early cohort than that in the conventional cohort (ultra-early, 2.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.71\u2009h; conventional, 3.00\u2009\u00b1\u20091.63\u2009h;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0336). The incidence of post-CP hydrocephalus was also lower in the ultra-early cohort (ultra-early, 10.3%; conventional, 31.6%;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.026). No statistically significant differences were observed regarding post-operative infection, return to the OR, or bone flap removal. Our study shows that ultra-early CP can significantly reduce the rate of post-CP hydrocephalus, as well as operative time in comparison to conventional CP. However, the timing of CP post-DC should remain a patient-centered consideration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2022.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T14:20:06Z","timestamp":1659363606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ultra-Early Cranioplasty versus Conventional Cranioplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study at an Academic Level 1 Trauma Center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Akal","family":"Sethi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keanu","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Kaakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA."},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2016.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060518755148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-020-04663-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03820-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_120_2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-04809-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32587\/jnic.2020.00290"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01511-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.127762"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyx182"},{"issue":"161","key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Defining \u201cearly\u201d","author":"Kim J.H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J.H., , Hwang S.Y., , Kwon T.H., , Chong K., , Yoon W.K., , and Kim J.H. (2019). Defining \u201cearly\u201d. cranioplasty to achieve lower complication rates of bone flap failure: resorption and infection. Acta Neurochir. (Wien) 161, 25\u201331.","journal-title":"cranioplasty to achieve lower complication rates of bone flap failure: resorption and infection. Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","article-title":"Complications associated with early cranioplasty for patients with traumatic brain injury: a 25-year single-center analysis","author":"Eaton J.C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eaton J.C., , Greil M.E., , Nistal D., , Caldwell D.J., , Robinson E., , Aljuboori Z., , Temkin N., , Bonow R.H., , and Chesnut R.M. (2022). Complications associated with early cranioplasty for patients with traumatic brain injury: a 25-year single-center analysis. J. Neurosurg. doi: 10.3171\/2021.11.JNS211557 .","journal-title":"J. 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