{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:47:11Z","timestamp":1777927631631,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pre-hospital resuscitation of critically injured patients traditionally includes supplemental oxygen therapy to address potential hypoxemia. The objective of this study was to explore the association between pre-hospital hypoxemia, hyperoxemia, and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic shock. We hypothesized that both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia would be associated with increased mortality. We used the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Prospective Observational Prehospital and Hospital Registry for Trauma (ROC PROPHET) database of critically injured patients to identify a severe TBI cohort (pre-hospital Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 3\u20138) and a traumatic shock cohort (systolic blood pressure \u226490\u2009mm Hg and pre-hospital GCS &gt;8). Arterial blood gas (ABG) obtained within 30\u2009min of hospital arrival was required for inclusion. Patients with hypoxemia (PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt;80\u2009mm Hg) and hyperoxemia (PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt;400\u2009mm Hg) were compared to those with normoxemia (PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    80\u2013400\u2009mm Hg) with regard to the primary outcome measure of in-hospital mortality in both the TBI and traumatic shock cohorts. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) after adjustment for multiple covariables. In addition, regression spline curves were generated to estimate the risk of death as a continuous function of PaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels. A total of 1248 TBI patients were included, of whom 396 (32%) died before hospital discharge. Associations between hypoxemia and increased mortality (OR, 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2\u20132.8;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008) and between hyperoxemia and decreased mortality (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4\u20130.9;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.018) were observed. A total of 582 traumatic shock patients were included, of whom 52 (9%) died before hospital discharge. No statistically significant associations were observed between in-hospital mortality and either hypoxemia (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.4\u20132.4;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.987) or hyperoxemia (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.6\u20135.7;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.269). Among patients with severe TBI but not traumatic shock, hypoxemia was associated with an increase of in-hospital mortality and hyperoxemia was associated with a decrease of in-hospital mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2022.0065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T11:17:02Z","timestamp":1674472622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Higher Oxygenation Is Associated with Improved Survival in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury but Not Traumatic Shock"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Logan Health EMS, Kalispell, Montana, USA."},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"McKnight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian R.","family":"Drennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Newgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Bulger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Vaillancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ROC Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"CDC Injury Fact Book. Atlanta Georgia: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta GA; 2006; pp. 35\u2013101."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finkelstein EA Corso PS Miller TR. The Incidence and Economic Burden of Injuries in the United States. Oxford University Press: New York; 2006.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195179484.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trunkey DD. Trauma. Accidental and intentional injuries account for more years of life lost in the U.S. than cancer and heart disease. Among the prescribed remedies are improved preventive efforts speedier surgery and further research. Sci Am 1983;249(2):28\u201335.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0883-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker CC Oppenheimer L Stephens B et al. Epidemiology of trauma deaths. Am J Surg 1980;140(1):144\u2013150.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90431-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shackford SR Mackersie RC Holbrook TL et al. The epidemiology of traumatic death: a population based analysis. Arch Surg 1993;128(5):571\u2013575.","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420170107016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"1363","volume-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg","author":"American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma","year":"2013","unstructured":"ATLS Subcommittee: American College of Surgeons' Committee on Trauma, , International ATLS working group. Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS): 9th Edition. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2013; 74(5):1363\u20131366."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wall RL. Rapid-sequence intubation in head trauma. Ann Emerg Med 1993;22:1008\u20131013.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82743-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickell WH Wall MJJr Pepe PE et al. Immediate versus delayed fluid resuscitation for hypotensive patients with penetrating torso injuries. N Engl J Med 1994;331(17):1105\u20131109.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410273311701"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181fcdb22"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000600"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000162731.53812.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000162731.53812.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000208359.74623.1C"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31804a8032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.048785"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.001016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000998"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.08.244"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0810-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0940"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.26772"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2012.1560"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120701537147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Resuscitation","author":"Newgard CD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Newgard CD, , Sears GK, , Rea TD, et al.; ROC Investigators. The Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Trauma: design, development, and implementation of a North American epidemiologic prehospital trauma registry. Resuscitation, 2008; 78(2):170\u2013178."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7167.1213"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans CC Petersen A Meier EN et al.; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Prehospital traumatic cardiac arrest: management and outcomes from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry-Trauma and PROPHET registries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;81(2):285\u2013293.","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","unstructured":"James G Witten D Hastie T et al. An Introduction to Statistical Learning: with Applications in R. 1st ed. Corr. 6th printing 2016 edition. Springer: New York; 2013; Chapter 7."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna Austria; 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199302000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.5.0952"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199910000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00303.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/109\/9\/0424"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000292014.60835.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.3.0643"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"J Neurosurg","author":"Dellazizzo L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dellazizzo L, , Demers SP, , Charbonney E, et al. Minimal PaO2 threshold after traumatic brain injury and clinical utility of a novel brain oxygenation ratio. J Neurosurg, 2018; 2:1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rakkar J Azar J Pelletier JH et al. Temporal patterns in brain tissue and systemic oxygenation associated with mortality after severe traumatic brain injury in children. Neurocrit Care 2022; doi: 10.1007\/s12028-022-01602-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01602-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","volume-title":"Anesthesiology","author":"Blasiole B","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blasiole B, , Bayr H, , Vagni VA, et al. Effect of hyperoxia on resuscitation of experimental combined traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock in mice. Anesthesiology, 2013; 118(3):649\u2013663."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19395-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.11993"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0711-x"}],"container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neur.2022.0065","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2022.0065","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2022.0065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:48:01Z","timestamp":1777675681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/neur.2022.0065"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neur.2022.0065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neur.2022.0065","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-288X","2689-288X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-288X","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-288X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"article-number":"neur.2022.0065"}}