{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:47:04Z","timestamp":1777927624048,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We sought to discover which oculomotor test (King-Devick [KD], near point of convergence [NPC], and accommodative facility [AF]) would best produce a prognostic model for an RTL time frame. An observational cohort design was used to longitudinally track division I and III student-athletes with concussion at a private university in New York State. Measurements included pre-RTL oculomotor testing (NPC, KD, and AF), along with daily text messages and phone calls. Participants were considered returned-to-learn once they had returned to baseline symptoms and had attended 2 days of classes. Our data promote KD score and class attendance as the best-fit prognostic model, with every second accrued on the KD test equating to 5.29\u2009h of RTL time. Further, attending class throughout recovery, versus not, shortened RTL time by a mean 170.50\u2009h, or 7.1 days. Five variables produced a significant attenuating association with concussion symptoms: time post-injury (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01); caffeine (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05); alcohol (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01); music (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01); and physical activity (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). Three variables produced a significant worsening association with concussion symptoms: screen time (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.05); music (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01); and class attendance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). The findings present a preliminary evidence-based model to prognosticate RTL time. To our knowledge, this is the second longitudinal study, and the first overall, to present objective data for guiding and prognosticating RTL, respectively. Correspondingly, these data should assist clinicians with objectively steering RTL in-clinic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T12:19:55Z","timestamp":1691756395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prognostic Utility of Oculomotor Assessments in Determining Return-to-Learn Time in Acutely Concussed College Student-Athletes: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Maya","family":"Vanderhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Policy, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Rawlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Germansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayana","family":"Chodak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Krohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Emke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Parody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary W.","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Use of acute cognitive symptom cluster to predict return-to-learn duration following a sport-related concussion","author":"Tang AR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang AR, , Davis PJ, , Williams KL, et al. Use of acute cognitive symptom cluster to predict return-to-learn duration following a sport-related concussion. J Neurosurg Pediatr, 2022; doi: 10.3171\/2022.6.PEDS22182","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.4397"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000431"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Concussion Safety Protocol Template","author":"National Collegiate Athletic Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"National Collegiate Athletic Association. Concussion Safety Protocol Template. National Collegiate Athletic Association: Indianapolis, IN; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097853"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515610537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211072261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000977"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2020.1850449"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1793388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515612082"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2014-0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514521774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318291d3b3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","author":"Sport Concussion Assessment Tool\u20145th Edition","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sport Concussion Assessment Tool\u20145th Edition. Br J Sports Med, 2017;51(11):851\u2013858; doi: 10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097506SCAT5","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2019.6128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vision2030034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","volume-title":"ActiGraph Wristwatch","author":"ActiGraph Corp LLC","year":"2020","unstructured":"ActiGraph Corp LLC. ActiGraph Wristwatch. ActiGraph Corp LLC: Pensacola, FL; 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2019-0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTO.S355508"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181bb44cf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1688837"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","volume-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury Visual Dysfunction: Optometric Management and Advanced Topics","author":"American Optometric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Optometric Association. Traumatic Brain Injury Visual Dysfunction: Optometric Management and Advanced Topics. American Optometric Association: St. Louis MO; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","volume-title":"Hart Chart Vision Exercise","author":"Medicine University of Michigan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Medicine University of Michigan. Hart Chart Vision Exercise. University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","unstructured":"Gulden Ophthalmics. Near Point Rule. Gulden Ophthalmics: Elkins Park PA; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/guldenophthalmics.com\/product\/near-point-rule\/ [Last accessed: July27 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518800703"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2001.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2006.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","volume-title":"King-Devick Test in association with Mayo Clinic","author":"King-Devick Technologies Inc","year":"2022","unstructured":"King-Devick Technologies Inc. King-Devick Test in association with Mayo Clinic. King-Devick Technologies Inc.: Oak Brook, IL; 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/601-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0063.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002269"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2022.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"University educators' perceptions of academic adjustments following a concussion for student-athletes and non-student-athletes","author":"Weber Rawlins ML","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weber Rawlins ML, , Johnson RS, , Schmidt JD, et al. University educators' perceptions of academic adjustments following a concussion for student-athletes and non-student-athletes. J Am Coll Health, 2022; doi: 10.1080\/07448481.2022.2108324","journal-title":"J Am Coll Health"}],"container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:48:26Z","timestamp":1777675706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neur.2023.0027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-288X","2689-288X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-288X","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-288X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"article-number":"neur.2023.0027"}}