{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:46:19Z","timestamp":1777927579561,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous studies have suggested that there are sex differences in the treatment and outcome of neurological emergencies; however, research identifying the role these sex differences play in the management of neurological emergencies is lacking. More knowledge of the way sex factors into the pathophysiology of neurological emergencies will be helpful in improving outcomes for these patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and management of neurological emergencies while evaluating sex differences in the diagnosis and treatment of these emergencies. We analyzed a cohort of 530 adult patients from four level 1 trauma centers over a period of 4 weeks who had a chief complaint of a neurological emergency, including seizures, cerebrovascular events, headache disorders, traumatic brain injuries, and central nervous system infections. Among patients with neurological emergencies, a significantly lower proportion of female patients underwent neurosurgery and were admitted to the intensive care unit compared to male patients, but there were no significant differences between sexes in the time of symptom onset, type of hospital transportation, amount of neuroimaging performed, admission rates, hospital length of stay, and disposition from the emergency department. Although female patients were more likely to have a chief complaint of headache compared to traumatic injuries in male patients, this was not statistically significant. A significantly higher proportion of female patients had health insurance coverage than male patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2023.0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T17:02:12Z","timestamp":1694538132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex Differences in Neurological Emergencies Presenting to Multiple Urban Level 1 Trauma Centers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Papa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Cienki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason W.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Axline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Earwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef G.","family":"Thundiyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay G.","family":"Ladde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Florida Alliance for Research in Emergency Medicine (FLARE-EM) Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12528"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases","author":"Teterina A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teterina A, , Zulbayar S, , Mollayeva T, et al. Gender versus sex in predicting outcomes of traumatic brain injury: a cohort study utilizing large administrative databases. Res Sq, 2023; doi: 10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2720937\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000333254.84120.f5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2687"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01908.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102385"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.038491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201372"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.034040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105240"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009733"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12532"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319915"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000495197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.032898"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70193-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000068410.07397.D7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12528"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01220"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201688"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.549038"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","first-page":"e27016","article-title":"Epidemiology, burden, and association of substance abuse amongst patients with cardiovascular disorders: national cross-sectional survey study","volume":"14","author":"Chelikam N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chelikam N, , Vyas V, , Dondapati L, et al. Epidemiology, burden, and association of substance abuse amongst patients with cardiovascular disorders: national cross-sectional survey study. Cureus, 2022; 14(7):e27016; doi: 10.7759\/cureus.27016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0325-0"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","first-page":"74","article-title":"Drug abuse as an emanating risk for stroke in young adults","volume":"65","author":"Sharma AK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sulena, Sharma AK. Drug abuse as an emanating risk for stroke in young adults. J Assoc Physicians India, 2017; 65(12):74\u201378.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0557-z"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Seizures and substance abuse: treatment considerations","volume":"67","author":"Brust JC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brust JC. Seizures and substance abuse: treatment considerations. Neurology, 2006; 67(12 Suppl 4):S45\u2013S48; doi: 10.1212\/wnl.67.12_suppl_4.s45","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317140-00002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Stroke mimics in patients with clinical signs of stroke","volume":"8","author":"Hosseininezhad M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hosseininezhad M, , Sohrabnejad R. Stroke mimics in patients with clinical signs of stroke. Caspian J Intern Med, 2017; 8(3):213\u2013216; doi: 10.22088\/cjim.8.3.213","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000445956"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.071112"},{"issue":"177","key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Demographic Variation in Health Insurance Coverage: United States, 2021","author":"Cha AE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cha AE, , Cohen RA. Demographic Variation in Health Insurance Coverage: United States, 2021. Natl Health Stat Report, 2022;(177):1\u201314.","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Report"}],"container-title":["Neurotrauma Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0050","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:48:35Z","timestamp":1777675715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/neur.2023.0050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neur.2023.0050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2689-288X","2689-288X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2689-288X","type":"print"},{"value":"2689-288X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"article-number":"neur.2023.0050"}}