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Although bacterial infections are implicated in nearly 50% of exacerbations, only a handful of pathogens have been consistently identified in COPD airways, primarily by culture-based methods, and the bacterial microbiota in acute exacerbations remains largely uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to comprehensively profile airway bacterial communities using a culture-independent microarray, the 16S rRNA PhyloChip, of a cohort of COPD patients requiring ventilatory support and antibiotic therapy for exacerbation-related respiratory failure. PhyloChip analysis revealed the presence of over 1,200 bacterial taxa representing 140 distinct families, many previously undetected in airway diseases; bacterial community composition was strongly influenced by the duration of intubation. A core community of 75 taxa was detected in all patients, many of which are known pathogens. Bacterial community diversity in COPD airways is substantially greater than previously recognized and includes a number of potential pathogens detected in the setting of antibiotic exposure. Comprehensive assessment of the COPD airway microbiota using high-throughput, culture-independent methods may prove key to understanding the relationships between airway bacterial colonization, acute exacerbation, and clinical outcomes in this and other chronic inflammatory airway diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2009.0100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,8]],"date-time":"2010-02-08T08:26:49Z","timestamp":1265617609000},"page":"9-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["A Persistent and Diverse Airway Microbiota Present during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yvonne J.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin L.","family":"Brodie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine P.","family":"Wiener-Kronish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan V.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance","volume":"26","author":"Anderson M.J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson M.J. 2001. 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