{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:52:24Z","timestamp":1777927944816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biomedical science in the 21\n                    <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                    century is embedded in, and draws from, a digital commons and \u201cBig Data\u201d created by high-throughput Omics technologies such as genomics. Classic Edisonian metaphors of science and scientists (i.e., \u201cthe lone genius\u201d or other narrow definitions of expertise) are ill equipped to harness the vast promises of the 21\n                    <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                    century digital commons. Moreover, in medicine and life sciences, experts often under-appreciate the important contributions made by citizen scholars and lead users of innovations to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">design<\/jats:italic>\n                    innovative products and co-create new knowledge. We believe there are a large number of users waiting to be mobilized so as to engage with Big Data as citizen scientists\u2014only if some funding were available. Yet many of these scholars may not meet the meta-criteria used to judge expertise, such as a track record in obtaining large research grants or a traditional academic curriculum vitae. This innovation research article describes a novel idea and action framework: micro-grants, each worth $1000, for genomics and Big Data. Though a relatively small amount at first glance, this far exceeds the annual income of the \u201cbottom one billion\u201d\u2014the 1.4 billion people living below the extreme poverty level defined by the World Bank ($1.25\/day). We describe two types of micro-grants. Type 1 micro-grants can be awarded through established funding agencies and philanthropies that create micro-granting programs to fund a broad and highly diverse array of small artisan labs and citizen scholars to connect genomics and Big Data with new models of discovery such as open user innovation. Type 2 micro-grants can be funded by existing or new science observatories and citizen think tanks through crowd-funding mechanisms described herein. Type 2 micro-grants would also facilitate global health diplomacy by co-creating crowd-funded micro-granting programs across nation-states in regions facing political and financial instability, while sharing similar disease burdens, therapeutics, and diagnostic needs. We report the creation of ten Type 2 micro-grants for citizen science and artisan labs to be administered by the nonprofit Data-Enabled Life Sciences Alliance International (DELSA Global, Seattle). Our hope is that these micro-grants will spur novel forms of disruptive innovation and genomics translation by artisan scientists and citizen scholars alike. We conclude with a neglected voice from the global health frontlines, the American University of Iraq in Sulaimani, and suggest that many similar global regions are now poised for micro-grant enabled collective innovation to harness the 21\n                    <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                    century digital commons.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2013.0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T11:16:11Z","timestamp":1365592571000},"page":"161-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Crowd-Funded Micro-Grants for Genomics and \u201cBig Data\u201d: An Actionable Idea Connecting Small (Artisan) Science, Infrastructure Science, and Citizen Philanthropy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vural","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Data-Enabled Life Sciences Alliance International (DELSA Global)"},{"name":"McGill University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill University","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamal F.","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University of Beirut","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Dove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Columbia Law School\u2014LL.M. Program"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Endrenyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Toronto","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy Jo","family":"Geraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University of Iraq","place":["Iraq"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hotez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"},{"name":"Sabin Vaccine Institute and Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development"},{"name":"Rice University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djims","family":"Milius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"University of Cape Town","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Neves-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Scholar","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tikki","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Rotimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramzi","family":"Sabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University of Beirut","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christineh N.","family":"Sarkissian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University and Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeeva","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesther","family":"Tims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Scholar","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie K.","family":"Zgheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The American University of Beirut","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"Kickbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/dmdi-2012-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gm263"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Leading through civilian power: Redefining American diplomacy and development","volume":"89","author":"Clinton HR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clinton HR. 2010. 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