{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:55:31Z","timestamp":1777928131203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Public policies to stop or reduce cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and associated diseases have yielded successful results over the past decade. Yet, the growing worldwide popularity of another form of tobacco consumption, water pipe smoking, has received relatively less attention. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has evaluated the effects of water pipe smoking on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activities and drug interaction potential in humans, whereas only limited information is available on the impact of secondhand smoke on drug metabolism. In a sample of 99 healthy volunteers (28 water pipe smokers, 30 secondhand tobacco smoke exposed persons, and 41 controls), we systematically compared CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 enzyme activities\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    using caffeine urine test. The median self-reported duration of water pipe smoking was 7.5\u2009h\/week and 3 years of exposure in total. The secondhand smoke group had a median of 14\u2009h of self-reported weekly exposure to tobacco smoke indoor where a minimum of five cigarettes were smoked\/hour for a total of 3.5 years (median). Analysis of variance did not find a significant difference in CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 activities among the three study groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Nor was there a significant association between the extent of water pipe or secondhand smoke exposure and the CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 activities (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Further analysis in a subsample with smoke exposure more than the median values also did not reveal a significant difference from the controls. Although we do not rule out an appreciable possible impact of water pipe smoke and secondhand smoke on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    activities of these two drug metabolism pathways, variability in smoke constituents from different tobacco consumption methods (e.g., water pipe) might affect drug metabolism in ways that might differ from that of cigarette smoke. Further studies in larger prospective samples are recommended to evaluate water pipe and secondhand tobacco smoke effects on CYP450 function, particularly at higher smoke exposure conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2016.0188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T11:31:54Z","timestamp":1487244714000},"page":"177-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Water pipe (Shisha, Hookah, Arghile) Smoking and Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 Phenotypes as Measured by Caffeine Urine Test"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"\u015eenay G\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Llerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"De Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Extremadura University Hospital and Medical School","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"Karaka\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mersin University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamile","family":"Erciyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabit","family":"Kimyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alper","family":"Mete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u0131van\u00e7","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vural","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gaziantep University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2013.0140"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai H and Hao J. (2016). The Prevalence of exposure to workplace secondhand smoke in the United States: 2010 to 2015. Nicotine Tob Res pii: ntw306. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2015.0131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-199808000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"CD005992","article-title":"Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption","volume":"2","author":"Frazer K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frazer K, , Callinan JE, , McHugh J, et al. (2016). Legislative smoking bans for reducing harms from secondhand smoke exposure, smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. 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Washington, DC: National Academies Press (USA)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2012-050724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2012.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2014-051903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199802000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199806000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2016.0123"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972315575202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7506-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303322"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2016.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2006","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2016.903"}],"container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/omi.2016.0188","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/omi.2016.0188","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/omi.2016.0188","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:01:05Z","timestamp":1777676465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/omi.2016.0188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/omi.2016.0188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/omi.2016.0188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-2310","1557-8100"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-2310","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8100","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}}}