{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:50:52Z","timestamp":1790661052242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Heroin and drug dependence are major contributors to global health burden worldwide, but their underlying mechanisms remain elusive and may vary from population to population. Reward- and memory-related candidate genes dopamine D2 receptor (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), as well as the opioid receptor genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), have been implicated in drug dependence, but relatively little is known on their contributions to heroin dependence in populations worldwide. Hence, we evaluated the contributions of the above five candidate genes in heroin dependence and several important related endophenotypes (the onset age of heroin use and subjective response to first heroin use), at single single-nucleotide polymorphism as well as haplotype levels, in a Han Chinese population sample. We genotyped 546 unrelated and heroin-dependent subjects for the candidate genes noted, and 228 sex- and age-matched unrelated controls. The G allele of rs4654327 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">DRD2<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotype block CCGCCGTT (rs6277-rs1076560-rs2283265-rs2734833-rs2075652-rs1079596-rs4436578-rs11214607), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotypes TACG (rs6669447-rs2236857-rs508448-rs4654327), CG (rs508448-rs4654327), and TG (rs6669447-rs4654327) were significantly associated with heroin dependence phenotype. Homozygotes AA at rs6265 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), TT at rs16917234 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and CC at rs508448 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) also appeared as risk factors for the endophenotype earlier age of onset for heroin use. Two\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">OPRM1<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotypes, AG (rs1799971-rs1381376) and AT (rs1799971-rs3778151), were observed as potential protective factors. These emerging findings contribute to the literature on genetic biomarkers of drug dependence and related endophenotypes, and call for replication in independent population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2017.0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]],"date-time":"2017-07-10T14:33:34Z","timestamp":1499697214000},"page":"404-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Contribution of Genetic Polymorphisms and Haplotypes in\n                    <i>DRD2<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>BDNF<\/i>\n                    , and Opioid Receptors to Heroin Dependence and Endophenotypes Among the Han Chinese"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minglin","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["P.R. China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert Stuart","family":"Reece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Australia","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["P.R. China"]},{"name":"Edith Cowan University","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01194-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.10.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07314.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.16.9608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02285.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2005.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(00)26022-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2007.00386.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09280.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1151\/spp07324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq963"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00431.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2007.01657.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14622416.3.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.03.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.256"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182900fb3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00005.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhg.2010.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12450"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094151.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03372.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06637-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199707280-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2012.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00445.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980508)81:3<257::AID-AJMG10>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2014.0162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","first-page":"888","article-title":"Association study of CNR1, GAD1 and BDNF polymorphisms with male heroin dependence in the Dai population in Yunnan","volume":"36","author":"Yang Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang Y, , Chen Y, , Wu J, et al. 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