{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:01:23Z","timestamp":1777928483846,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic corticosteroids are the standard of care for acute asthma exacerbation. Respiratory infections are known as common triggers of asthma exacerbation, but the risk of immune suppression from frequent periodic use of systemic steroids in poorly controlled asthmatic children is not well studied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review of 26 children, 3\u201315 years old with poorly controlled, moderate-to-severe persistent asthma who received \u22652 systemic corticosteroid\/year. The data collected include absolute T cell, B cell, and natural killer (NK) cell counts; lymphocyte proliferation studies to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (CON A), and pokeweed mitogen; immunoglobulin G and M; and antibody titers to tetanus, diphtheria, and pneumococcus. Frequency tables and crosstabs were used to analyze the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell counts were found in 47.8% of the patients, and 45.8% had low CD3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell counts. The lymphocyte proliferation studies data exhibited variability, but 21.4%\u201375% of the subjects who demonstrated normal T cell counts had decreased lymphocyte proliferation studies to PHA and CON A. All the patients had normal immunoglobulins, B cell, and NK cell counts. All but 1 patient had adequate antibody responses to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent systemic corticosteroid use may suppress T cell number and function in asthmatic children. This can potentially lead to increase susceptibility for future infections and asthma exacerbations. Depressed lymphocyte proliferations are observed even in patients who demonstrated normal T cell counts. This emphasizes the importance of adherence to asthma controller medications, and control of asthma triggers, to limit the frequency of steroid use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ped.2018.0988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T14:49:27Z","timestamp":1560869367000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["T Cell Profile After Systemic Steroid Burst in Inner-City Asthmatic Children with Recurrent Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Pavadee","family":"Poowuttikul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Taki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roula","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Secord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey 2015. Available at: https:\/\/ftp.cdc.gov\/pub\/Health_statistics\/NCHs\/NHIS\/SHS\/2015_SHS_Table_C-1.pdf (accessed December2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Most Recent Asthma Data: National Asthma Mortality (2015). Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/asthma\/most_recent_data.htm (accessed January2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.12.941"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318168b718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-20000701-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00047714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6989.1225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6910.982"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ped.2018.0988","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ped.2018.0988","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ped.2018.0988","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:14:16Z","timestamp":1777677256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/ped.2018.0988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ped.2018.0988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ped.2018.0988","relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-321X","2151-3228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-321X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-3228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}