{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:01:44Z","timestamp":1777928504686,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, administration of inhaled aminoglycosides has gained popularity in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients because of medication delivery to the target site of action while minimizing systemic absorption and adverse effects. A recent report of detectable serum tobramycin concentrations in critically ill children receiving inhaled tobramycin 300\u2009mg every 12\u2009h prompted our investigation in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients receiving inhaled tobramycin 80\u2009mg every 8\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum tobramycin trough concentrations were obtained from tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients receiving treatment with inhaled tobramycin 80\u2009mg every 8\u2009h for the treatment of tracheitis. Patient data, including demographic data, medical history, renal function, and serum concentrations, were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve patients with a median age of 0.5 (0.3\u20136.1) years had serum tobramycin concentrations evaluated. Eleven of the 12 patients had undetectable trough concentrations (&lt;0.6 mcg\/mL). All of these patients had normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) for age and no history of kidney disease. One patient had a detectable trough concentration of 2.1 mcg\/mL. This patient was 11 months old and had polycystic kidney disease with an elevated BUN and SCr for age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detectable serum concentration from systemic absorption of inhaled tobramycin 80\u2009mg every 8\u2009h is unlikely in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients with normal renal function. However, in tracheostomy-dependent pediatric patients with a history of renal dysfunction or elevations in BUN or SCr, inhaled tobramycin should be used with caution. Monitoring serum concentrations to guide dose modification should be considered in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ped.2020.1161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T13:32:51Z","timestamp":1590499971000},"page":"92-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tobramycin Serum Concentrations in Tracheostomy-Dependent Children Receiving Inhaled Tobramycin"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Kaitlin M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, Riley Children's Hospital at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Ioana","family":"Cristea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonary, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Riley Children's Hospital at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma M.","family":"Tillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.028316"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2005.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"CD001021","article-title":"Inhaled anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for long-term therapy in cystic fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Smith S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith S, , Rowbotham NJ, , Regan KH. 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Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018; 3:CD001021.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2014.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306173282403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198900171-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874306401509010030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E099"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ped.2020.1161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ped.2020.1161","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ped.2020.1161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:14:45Z","timestamp":1777677285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/ped.2020.1161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ped.2020.1161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ped.2020.1161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-321X","2151-3228"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-321X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-3228","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}}}