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Increasing antibiotic resistance and limited therapeutic options have led to the exploration of alternative therapies for UTIs, including bacteriophage (phage) therapy. This systematic review aims at evaluating the efficacy of phage therapy in treating UTIs. We employed a comprehensive search strategy for any language, any animal, and any publication date. A total of 55\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and clinical studies were included. Of the studies, 22% were published in a non-English language, 32.7% were before the year 1996, and the rest were after 2005. The results of this review suggest that phage therapy for UTIs can be effective; more than 72% of the included articles reported microbiological and clinical improvements. On the other hand, only 5 randomized controlled trials have been completed, and case reports and case series information were frequently incomplete for analysis. Overall, this comprehensive systematic review identifies preliminary evidence supporting the potential of phage therapy as a safe and viable option for the treatment of UTIs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/phage.2023.0024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T10:58:34Z","timestamp":1695293914000},"page":"112-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Phage Therapy in the Management of Urinary Tract Infections: A Comprehensive Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Amany M.","family":"Al-Anany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Payton B.","family":"Hooey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori L.","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Martyniuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerstein Science Information Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Hynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9983-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg J.","family":"German","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Unity Health Toronto, St. Joseph's Health Centre Chronic Infection\/Phage Therapy Clinic, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03913-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology and etiology of urinary tract infections in the community","volume":"23","author":"Alos JI","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alos JI. 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