{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:51Z","timestamp":1787008251568,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background Data:<\/jats:title>\n Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to modulate the healing of wounds by inducing an increase in mitotic activity, fibroblast number, synthesis of collagen, and neovascularization.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n In the present study we evaluated the effect of LLLT on expression of TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , an immunosuppressive cytokine, at the site of tissue repair, using an experimental rat model to study cutaneous wound healing. In addition, we also investigated the presence of apoptotic cells in epithelial and connective tissue.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: group 1, which was subjected to surgical skin wounds only (n = 15), and group 2, which was subjected to surgical skin wounds followed by LLLT (n = 15). In group 2, the LLLT was given with these parameters: 15 mW of power, a dose of 3.8 J\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , for 15 sec for three applications. At 10 d post-surgery and laser application the animals were sacrificed with an overdose of anesthetic and tissue samples from the wounds were submitted to immunohistochemistry and\n in-situ<\/jats:italic>\n detection of apoptosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Most of the inflammatory cells and fibroblasts were TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2013positive, and many apoptotic epithelial cells and fibroblasts were seen in the tissue samples from the LLLT-treated animals. However, a few apoptotic epithelial cells and fibroblasts were also seen in the samples obtained from control animals.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results indicate that LLLT may be an important inducer of apoptosis during the process of tissue repair. In addition, we demonstrated that LLTT has an immunomodulatory effect on TGF-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n expression at sites of wound healing.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T10:29:57Z","timestamp":1240309797000},"page":"303-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Low-Level Laser Therapy Increases Transforming Growth Factor-\n \u03b2<\/i>\n 2<\/sub>\n Expression and Induces Apoptosis of Epithelial Cells During the Tissue Repair Process"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Adeir Moreira Rocha","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Juli\u00fao","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i\/RJ, Centro de Biologia da Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Carlos Ferreira","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Monteiro","family":"Aarestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i\/RJ, Centro de Biologia da Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Experimental Pathology, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2008.2277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2008.2277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:27:36Z","timestamp":1777678056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/pho.2008.2277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/pho.2008.2277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2008.2277","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5418","1557-8550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-5418","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}}}