{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:13:20Z","timestamp":1777929200541,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of topical application of 1% tetracaine gel before and after a Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser procedure.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background Data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    A variety of topical anesthetics are available for painful cutaneous procedures, including laser treatments, which are applied before treatment.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Seventy-nine adults were assigned to Q-switched laser treatment at a wavelength of 532\u2009nm (freckle, chloasma, and seborrheic keratosis) and 1064\u2009nm (nevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, nevus of Ota). Based on application time of tetracaine, there were three groups receiving each wavelength: 5 minutes before treatment, and 10 minutes before treatment, and after the procedure. Patients' lesions were divided into tetracaine-treated area and margin, which were treated with the same laser dose and wavelength. The energy density was 2\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 532\u2009nm and 5\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for 1064\u2009nm. The pain relief score (PRS) for all groups, the latency time, and the time to maximal anesthesia of tetracaine for the after-procedure group were recorded. The PRSs were rated on visual analog scales.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean PRSs\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation of the group receiving the tetracaine 10 minutes before the procedure (42.37\u2009\u00b1\u20099.18) were higher than the scores of those receiving it 5 minutes before (26.32\u2009\u00b1\u20095.49)with the 532-nm laser. Using the gel after the procedure and using the 1064-nm and 532-nm lasers, the latency time was 20 to 80 seconds, the duration to maximal anesthesia was 2 to 6 minutes, and the maximum PRSs were 70 to 100, higher than the scores of those receiving tetracaine 10 minutes before the procedure (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The gel was well tolerated.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Topical application of 1% tetracaine gel provides better anesthesia used 10 minutes before Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment than 5 minutes before but provides superior anesthesia and shorter latency time when applied after the procedure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,28]],"date-time":"2009-08-28T17:48:06Z","timestamp":1251481686000},"page":"213-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Comparison of Topical Application of 1% Tetracaine Gel Before and After the Procedure in Removal of Cutaneous Pigmentation with Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser (1064\/532 nm)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Di-Qing","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University","place":["P. R. China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555560544546","article-title":"Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for superficial skin surgery and painful lesions","volume":"60","author":"Juhlin L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Juhlin L., , Evers H., , Broberg F.A. 1980. Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for superficial skin surgery and painful lesions. Acta Derm. Venereol., 60:544\u2013546.","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"Curettage of molluscum contagiosum in children: analgesia by topical application of lidocaine\/prilocaine cream EMLA","volume":"68","author":"Rosdahl I.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosdahl I., , Edmar B., , Gilssen H., , Nordin P., , Lillieborg S. 1988. Curettage of molluscum contagiosum in children: analgesia by topical application of lidocaine\/prilocaine cream EMLA. Acta Derm. Venereol., 68:149\u2013153.","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.84.2.281","article-title":"Topical skin anesthesia for venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir and lumbar punctures in children","volume":"84","author":"Halperin D.L.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halperin D.L., , Koren G., , Attias D., , Pellegrini E., , Greenberg M.L., , Wyss M. 1989. Topical skin anesthesia for venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir and lumbar punctures in children. 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Effect of lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA\u00ae) on pain of intramuscular Fluzone injection. Can. J. Hosp. Pharm., 45:227\u2013230.","journal-title":"Can. J. Hosp. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"347","article-title":"Effect of lidocaine-lignocaine cream on pain from subcutaneous injection","volume":"11","author":"Taddio A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taddio A., , Robieux I., , Koren G. 1992. Effect of lidocaine-lignocaine cream on pain from subcutaneous injection. Clin. Pharm., 11:347\u2013349.","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83150-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704243361701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) for thoracostomy tube removal","volume":"88","author":"Valenzuela R.C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Valenzuela R.C., , Rosen D.A. 1999. 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