{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1791349812918,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"\n \n Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n This study investigated\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n the photodynamic antimicrobial effects of the photosensitizer malachite green on clinical strains of\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n , Enterobacteriaceae, and\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n .\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Thirty-six microbial strains isolated from the oral cavity of patients undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, including 12\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n , 12 Enterobacteriaceae, and 12\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n strains, were studied. The number of cells of each microorganism was standardized to 10\n 6<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009cells\/mL. Twenty-four assays were carried out for each strain according to the following experimental conditions: gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser and photosensitizer (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096, L+P+), laser and physiologic solution (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096, L+P\u2212), photosensitizer (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096, L\u2212P+), and physiologic solution (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20096, L\u2212P\u2212). Next, cultures were prepared on brain\u2013heart infusion agar for the growth of\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n and Enterobacteriaceae, and on Sabouraud dextrose agar for the growth of\n Candida,<\/jats:italic>\n and incubated for 48\u2009h at 37\u00b0C. The results are reported as the number of colony-forming units (CFU\/mL) and were analyzed with analysis of variance and the Tukey test.\n \n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n The\n Staphylococcus,<\/jats:italic>\n enterobacterial, and\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n strains were sensitive to photodynamic therapy with malachite green (L+P+). A reduction of \u223c7\u2009log\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n for\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n , 6\u2009log\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n for enterobacteria, and 0.5\u2009log\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n for the genus\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n . Significant statistical differences were observed between the L+P+ groups and the control groups (L\u2212P\u2212).\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n The\n Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n , Enterobacteriaceae, and\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n strains studied were sensitive to photodynamic therapy with malachite green.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]],"date-time":"2010-08-06T16:47:27Z","timestamp":1281113247000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Photodynamic Antimicrobial Effects of Malachite Green on\n Staphylococcus<\/i>\n , Enterobacteriaceae, and\n Candida<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.C.","family":"Junqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.D.","family":"Rossoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.O.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.R.","family":"Querido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pindamonhangaba, Pindamohnangaba, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.O.C.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\/UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-006-0409-7","article-title":"Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy: useful in the future?","volume":"22","author":"Maisch T.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maisch T. 2006. Anti-microbial photodynamic therapy: useful in the future? Lasers Med. Sci., 22:83\u201391.","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2007.08.001","article-title":"Antifungal photodynamic therapy","volume":"163","author":"Donnelly R.F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Donnelly R.F., , McCarron P.A., , Tunney M.M. 2008. Antifungal photodynamic therapy. Microbiol. Res., 163:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600803"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.1.13","article-title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT)","volume":"42","author":"Wainwright M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wainwright M. 1998. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) J. 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