{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:15:19Z","timestamp":1790216119732,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This study investigated the effects of a therapeutic laser, passive stretching, and their combined treatment on the strength of Achilles tendons with overuse pathologies.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Tendinopathy involving overuse is usually treated with exercise and stretching, but there has been no report on the treatment effect of a therapeutic laser combined with passive stretching on managing this condition. Despite the beneficial effect of a therapeutic laser on healing tendons that have had traumatic injury, its effect on degenerative tendons is not known.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Twenty-five mature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used, with 20 subjected to daily bipedal downhill running for 8 weeks, to induce Achilles overuse, and 5 as normal controls. The exercised rats were divided into four groups: 1, laser treatment; 2, passive stretching; 3, combined laser and stretching; and 4, no treatment, running controls. GaAlAs laser with 660\u2009nm wavelength was applied to both Achilles tendons for 50\u2009sec for Groups 1 and 3. Passive stretching of 20 times\/10\u2009sec of maximum ankle plantar flexion was applied to Groups 2 and 3. Treatments were applied after each running session for a a total of 56 treatment sessions. On week 9, the tendons were tested for load-relaxation, stiffness, and ultimate strength.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Stiffness was different (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.01), difference in ultimate strength was marginally insignificant (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.07), and load-relaxation difference was not significant among groups. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the mean stiffness of all the four exercise groups was lower than the normal control, whereas the ultimate strength from the laser and combined laser and stretching was not different from that of the normal control group, but was higher than that of the passive stretching and no treatment groups.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We conclude that a therapeutic laser and combined laser with passive stretching might slow down the decrease in Achilles tendon strength but would not be able to stop the pathological changes of overuse from developing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2011.3095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T13:09:13Z","timestamp":1326287353000},"page":"155-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of a Therapeutic Laser and Passive Stretching Program for Treating Tendon Overuse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Y.F.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly Y.M.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.3.8756939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg448"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jsm.0000165347.55638.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200603000-00010","article-title":"Health of master track and field athletes: a 16-year follow-up study","volume":"16","author":"Kettunen J.A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kettunen J.A., , Kujala U.M., , Kaprio J., , Sarna S. 2006. Health of master track and field athletes: a 16-year follow-up study. Clin. J. Sport. Med., 16:142\u2013148.","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.2741\/3551","article-title":"Development and use of animal models to advance tendinopathy research","volume":"14","author":"Warden S.J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Warden S.J. 2009. Development and use of animal models to advance tendinopathy research. Frontiers Biosci., 14:4588\u20134597.","journal-title":"Frontiers Biosci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.004747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505279918"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2005.00439.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290021201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"174","article-title":"Adaptation of the tendon to mechanical usage","volume":"6","author":"Reeves N.D.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reeves N.D. 2006. Adaptation of the tendon to mechanical usage. J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal. Interact., 6:174\u2013180.","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal. Interact."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506298279","article-title":"Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring mdoel, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy \u2013 A randomized controlled study","volume":"35","author":"Silbernagel K.G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silbernagel K.G., , Thomee R., , Eriksson B.L., , Karlsson J. 2007. Continued sports activity, using a pain-monitoring mdoel, during rehabilitation in patients with Achilles tendinopathy \u2013 A randomized controlled study. Am. J. Sports Med., 35:897\u2013906.","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Laser therapy in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"1226","author":"Tumilty S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tumilty S., , Munn J., , Abbott J.H. et al. 2009. Laser therapy in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy: A randomized controlled trial. Proceedings on Laser Florence: A gallery through the laser medicine world, 1226:163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Proceedings on Laser Florence: A gallery through the laser medicine world"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507312165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20760","article-title":"Effect of low lever laser therapy (830nm) with different therapy regimes on the process of tissue repair in partial lesion calcaneous tendon","volume":"41","author":"Oliveira F.S.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveira F.S., , Pinfidi C.E., , Parizoto N.A., , Liebano R.E., , Bossini P.S., , Garcia E.B., , Ferreira L.M. 2009. Effect of low lever laser therapy (830nm) with different therapy regimes on the process of tissue repair in partial lesion calcaneous tendon. Lasers Surg. Med., 41:271\u2013276.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2011.562334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2000.101962","article-title":"Overuse activity injures the supraspinatus tendon in an animal model, A histologic and biomechanical study","volume":"9","author":"Soslowsky L.J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soslowsky L.J., , Thomopoulos M.S., , Tun S., , Flanagan C.L., , Keefer C.C., , Mastaw J., , Carpenter J.E. 2000. Overuse activity injures the supraspinatus tendon in an animal model, A histologic and biomechanical study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg., 9:79\u201384.","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90016-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU), 4","volume":"226","author":"Frost H.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frost H.M. 1990. Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU), 4. Mechanical influences on intact fibrous tissues. Anat. Rec., 226:433\u2013439.","journal-title":"Mechanical influences on intact fibrous tissues. Anat. Rec."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00233678","article-title":"Regeneration of rabbit calcaneal tendon: A morphological and immunochemical study","volume":"195","author":"Postacchini F.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Postacchini F., , Accinni L., , Natali P.G., , Ippolito E., , DeMartino C. 1978. Regeneration of rabbit calcaneal tendon: A morphological and immunochemical study. Cell Tissue Res., 195:81\u201397.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Collagen","author":"Parry D.A.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Parry D.A.D., , Craig A.S. 1988. Collagen fibril during development and maturation and their contribution to the mechanical attributes of connective tissue. Collagen, 2 Nimni M.E. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140602","article-title":"A long term study of the biochemistry and biomechanics of ACL-patellar tendon autograft in goats","volume":"14","author":"Ng G.Y.F.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ng G.Y.F., , Oakes B.W., , Deacon O.W., , McLean I.D., , Eyre D.R. 1996. A long term study of the biochemistry and biomechanics of ACL-patellar tendon autograft in goats. J. Orthop. Res., 14:851\u2013856.","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:5<281::AID-LSM4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400120"}],"container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/pho.2011.3095","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2011.3095","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2011.3095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:33:54Z","timestamp":1777678434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/pho.2011.3095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/pho.2011.3095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2011.3095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5418","1557-8550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-5418","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}