{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:17:04Z","timestamp":1777929424760,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background and objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP). The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">transforming growth factor-\u03b21<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TGF-\u03b2) has been considered as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and its levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could monitor the periodontal repair. This study evaluated the adjunct effect of aPDT compared with SRP, analyzing the TGF-\u03b2 levels in GCF after nonsurgical and surgical therapy in chronic periodontitis patients.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Fifteen patients, presenting bilaterally lower molars with class III furcation lesions, were selected. Each pair of teeth was randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or test group (TG). Initially, SRP was performed in the CG, and SRP + aPDT in the TG. Forty-five days later, flap surgery plus SRP, and flap surgery plus SRP + aPDT were performed in CG and TG, respectively. GCF was collected and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was conducted to determine the amount and concentration of TGF-\u03b2 in the GCF at baseline, 45 days post-initial therapy, and 21 days after surgery.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Statistically significant differences between groups were found in relation to GCF volume 21 days after the surgical procedures (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.03) and TGF-\u03b2 concentration in GCF 45 days post-initial therapy (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.04), favoring the TG.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    There was an additional effect of the aPDT protocol compared with SRP for the TGF-\u03b2 concentration in GCF 45 days after nonsurgical therapy, and for the GCF volume 21 days after surgical therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T13:33:23Z","timestamp":1359725603000},"page":"65-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on Transforming Growth Factor-\n                    <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                    1 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9rgio L. S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia F.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrine S. M.","family":"Trist\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda A.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela B.","family":"Palioto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio F. M.","family":"Grisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Taba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Arthur B.","family":"Novaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1979.50.7.366","article-title":"Furcation morphology relative to periodontal treatment. 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