{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:49:58Z","timestamp":1790822998671,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"\n \n Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the efficiency of the ultraviolet (UV) and visible light in eradication of\n Candida albicans in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n ; in particular, to determine, for selected wavelengths, the specific eradication coefficients and thresholds in terms of energy density levels required to effect 3.0log\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n and 4.0log\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n reduction.\n \n Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Oral candidosis is the most common infection of the oral cavity and is caused by\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species. The widespread use of topical and systemic antifungal agents as conventional treatment for oral candidosis has resulted in the development of resistance in\n C. albicans.<\/jats:italic>\n Therefore, it has become necessary to develop alternative therapies for the treatment of oral candidosis.\n \n Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n ATCC\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n 90028\n \u2122<\/jats:sup>\n was irradiated with 254\u2009nm, 365\u2009nm, 406\u2009nm, 420\u2009nm, and broadband Xe spectrum. For each wavelength, a fit of experimental data (survival fraction vs. applied energy density) with an exponential decay function enabled estimation of the specific eradication coefficients and thresholds.\n \n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Based on estimated specific efficiencies (\u0394) and eradication thresholds (ET) of the investigated wavelengths, the ranking in eradication efficiency of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n (most to least effective) is: 254\u2009nm (\u0394=6.1\u2009mJ\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n , ET\n 99.99<\/jats:sub>\n =56\u2009mJ\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n ), broadband Xe spectrum (\u0394=27.7\u2009mJ\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n , ET\n 99.99<\/jats:sub>\n =255\u2009mJ\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n ), 365\u2009nm (\u0394=4.3\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n , ET\n 99.99<\/jats:sub>\n =39\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n ), 420\u2009nm (\u0394=0.65\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n , ET\n 99.99<\/jats:sub>\n =6\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n ), and 406\u2009nm (\u0394=11.4\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n , ET\n 99.99<\/jats:sub>\n =104\u2009J\/cm\n \u22122<\/jats:sup>\n ).\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n The results provide insight into the wavelength-dependent dynamics of eradication of\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n . For each investigated wavelength, the eradication coefficient and corresponding eradication threshold were estimated. The observed different eradication efficiencies are consequence of different spectrally dependent inactivation mechanisms. The established methodology enables unambiguous quantitative comparison of eradication efficiencies of optical radiation and selection of most effective wavelengths for clinical and therapeutic use.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2013.3691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T16:44:24Z","timestamp":1396543464000},"page":"232-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Quantitative Investigation of Efficiency of Ultraviolet and Visible Light in Eradication of\n Candida albicans In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Dubravko","family":"Risovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela","family":"Maver-Bi\u0161\u0107anin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Policlinic Zagreb","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinka","family":"Mravak-Stipeti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Bukovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital for Infectious Diseases \u201cDr Fran Mihaljevi\u0107,\u201d","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alen","family":"Bi\u0161\u0107anin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital \u201cSestre milosrdnice,\u201d","place":["Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411940050020101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708600304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3172-3179.2000","article-title":"Characterization of binding of Candida albicans to small intestinal mucin and its role in adherence to mucosal epithelial cells","volume":"68","author":"De Repentigny L.","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Repentigny L., , Aumont F., , Bernard K., , and Belhumeu P. 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