{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:02:31Z","timestamp":1784959351799,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) operating at low and high fluences on joint inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and synovial apoptosis in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by pronounced inflammation and FLS proliferation within affected joints. Certain data indicate that LLLT is effective in patients with inflammation caused by RA; however, the fluence effects of LLLT on synovium are unclear.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Monoarthritis was induced in adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (250\u2013300\u2009g) via intraarticular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the tibiotarsal joint. Animals were irradiated 72\u2009h after CFA administration with a 780\u2009nm GaAlAs laser at 4.5\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (30 mW, 30\u2009sec\/spot) and 72\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (80 mW, 180\u2009sec\/spot) daily for 10 days. After LLLT, the animals were euthanized and their arthritic ankles were collected for histopathological analysis, immunoassays of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)3 and 5B5, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    LLLT at a fluence of 4.5\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    significantly reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and expressions of TNF-\u03b1-, MMP3- and 5B5-like immunoreactivities, as well as resulting in more TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in the synovium. No significant changes were observed in these biochemicals and inflammation in arthritic animals treated with 72\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    LLLT with low fluence is highly effective in reducing inflammation to sites of injury by decreasing the numbers of FLS, inflammatory cells, and mediators in the CFA-induced arthritic model. These data will be of value in designing clinical trials of LLLT for RA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2014.3821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T09:45:17Z","timestamp":1415871917000},"page":"669-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Fluence Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Inflammation, Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes, and Synovial Apoptosis in Rats with Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yueh-Ling","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang-Chuen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Medical University","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen-Chia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheng Ching General Hospital","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32834518a3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"336","article-title":"The influence of resveratrol on the synovial expression of matrix metalloproteinases and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"68","author":"Glehr M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Glehr M., , Breisach M., , Walzer S., , Lohberger B., , Furst F., , Friesenbichler J., et al. 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