{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T01:46:53Z","timestamp":1778636813379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We previously showed that photoablative laser therapy followed by multiple photodynamic cycles (PAPD) after scaling\/root planing (SRP) improved healing of periodontitis patients as compared with conventional SRP after 1-year follow-up. This study reports the favorable results of PAPD plus SRP in patients with chronic periodontitis at a 4-year follow-up.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Materials and methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Twenty-four patients were studied. Maxillary left or right quadrants were randomly assigned to PAPD laser treatment or sham-treatment and SRP. PAPD consisted of: (1) photoablative intra\/extrapocket de-epithelization with diode laser (\u03bb 810\u2009nm, 1\u2009W), and (2) photodynamic treatments (4\u201310 weekly) with diode laser (\u03bb 635\u2009nm, 100\u2009mW) and 0.3% methylene blue as photoactive antiseptic, performed after SRP. Sham treatment was performed with switched- off laser. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding-on-probing (BOP) were evaluated. Additional disease markers, namely polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), erythrocytes (RBC), damaged epithelial cells (DEC), and bacteria were assayed by cytofluorescence on gingival exfoliative samples.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    At 4-year follow-up, PAPD plus SRP significantly improved PD, CAL, and BOP, as well as bacterial contamination and PMN-RBC shedding in the exfoliative samples, compared with sham treatment plus SRP. This effect was greater than that observed at 1-year follow-up.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    PAPD plus SRP provided significant, durable improvement of chronic periodontitis over sham treatment plus SRP alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.3955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,3]],"date-time":"2015-08-03T14:31:24Z","timestamp":1438612284000},"page":"473-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Efficacy of Combined Photoablative-Photodynamic Diode Laser Therapy Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis: Randomized Split-Mouth Trial with 4-Year Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Giannelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Formigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lorenzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florence","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00397.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy: an evidence-based perspective of scaling and root planing","volume":"29","author":"Cobb CM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cobb CM. 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