{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:16:01Z","timestamp":1792656961155,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Set within the context of the 2015 International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies,and of a growing and aging world population with ever-rising healthcare needs, this perspective and mini-review focuses on photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy as an emerging, cost-effective, treatment option for cancer (i.e., solid tumors) and other complex diseases, particularly, of the eye (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa) and the central nervous system (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Over the last decades, primary and secondary mechanisms of PBM have been revealed. These include oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent structural and functional action pathways. Signal and target characteristics determine biological outcome, which is optimal (or even positive) only within a given set of parameters.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    This study was a perspective and nonsystematic literature mini-review.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Studies support what we describe as a paradigm shift or \u201cquantum leap\u201d in the understanding and use of light and its interaction with water and other relevant photo-cceptors to restore physiologic function.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Based on existing evidence, it is argued that PBM therapy can raise the standard of care and improve the quality of life of patients for a fraction of the cost of many current approaches. PBM therapy can, therefore,benefit large, vulnerable population groups, including the elderly and the poor, whilehaving a major impact on medical practice and public finances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1455795554000},"page":"93-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["\u201cQuantum Leap\u201d in Photobiomodulation Therapy Ushers in a New Generation of Light-Based Treatments for Cancer and Other Complex Diseases: Perspective and Mini-Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Santana-Blank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin E.","family":"Santana-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heberto","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundalas, Foundation for Interdisciplinary Research and Development, Caracas, Venezuela."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Lightsource.org. 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