{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:44:37Z","timestamp":1790671477501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The study examined the influence of phototherapy with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on chronic diabetic wound healing.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Chronic diabetic wounds are very difficult to treat due to underlying conditions such as angiopathy and neuropathy, resulting in slow healing rates. Conventional treatment options are often insufficient and do not provide satisfactory outcomes. Phototherapy with LED enhances the healing processes through mechanisms of energy exchange between incoming photons and their target, the main one being cytochrome-c oxidase in mitochondria.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    A double-blind, randomized study included 60 patients with a chronic diabetic wound treated at the University Medical Center Ljubljana between October 1, 2012 and December 1, 2014. Patients were randomized into either an active group (LED group) or a control group (Co-group). The active group was treated with LED 2.4\u2009J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (wavelengths 625, 660, 850\u2009nm) three times a week for 8 weeks. The Co-group was treated with light that simulated LED. Healing was evaluated using the Falanga wound bed score and wound surface area.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The average baseline wound surface before treatment was 1315\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the LED group and 1584\u2009mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the Co-group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.80). After 8 weeks, the mean surface in the LED group was 56% of the baseline surface and 65% in the Co-group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Falanga score evaluation showed significantly faster wound bed healing in the LED group compared with the Co-group (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    According to our results, LED significantly improves healing of chronic diabetic wounds and prepares the wound bed for further coverage options.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T15:34:44Z","timestamp":1524065684000},"page":"377-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Phototherapy with LED Shows Promising Results in Healing Chronic Wounds in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Frange\u017e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Ljubljana","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Nizi\u010d-Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Ljubljana","place":["Slovenia"]},{"name":"Institute of Oncology Ljubljana","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Ban","family":"Frange\u017e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Ljubljana","place":["Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. World Health Organization. 2016: Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/204871\/1\/9789241565257_eng.pdf (Last accessed August13 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/626127","article-title":"Low level laser therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a critical survey","volume":"2014","author":"Beckmann KH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beckmann KH, , Meyer-Hamme G, , Schr\u00f6der S. Low level laser therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a critical survey. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2014; 2014:626127.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000169887.04973.3A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Lasers in clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Mester E","year":"1968","unstructured":"Mester E, , Juh\u00e1sz J, , Varga P, , Karika G. Lasers in clinical practice. Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung, 1968; 9:349\u2013357.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Acad Sci Hung"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454704774076208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454701753342758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"The NASA light-emitting diode medical program\u2013progress in space flight and terrestrial applications","volume":"504","author":"Whelan HT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Whelan HT, , Houle JM, , Whelan NT, et al. The NASA light-emitting diode medical program\u2013progress in space flight and terrestrial applications. Space Tech Appl Intl Forum, 2000; 504:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Space Tech Appl Intl Forum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20142519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2005.23.355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b306126d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67700-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00155.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2189-7","article-title":"The effect of LED on blood microcirculation during chronic wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic patients\u2014a prospective, double-blind randomized study","volume":"4","author":"Frange\u017e I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frange\u017e I, , Cankar K, , Ban Frange\u017e H, , Smrke DM. The effect of LED on blood microcirculation during chronic wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic patients\u2014a prospective, double-blind randomized study. Lasers Med Sci, 2017; 4:887\u2013894.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2012.0125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454702320901116"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.11-009.Hamblin","article-title":"Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy\u2014an update","volume":"9","author":"Huang YY","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang YY, , Sharma SK, , Carroll J, , Hamblin MR. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy\u2014an update. Dose-Response, 2011; 9:602\u2013618.","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2858","article-title":"Visible light- induced healing of diabetic or venous foot ulcers: a placebo- controlled double-blind study","volume":"29","author":"Landau Z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Landau Z, , Migdal M, , Lipovsky A, , Lubart R. Visible light- induced healing of diabetic or venous foot ulcers: a placebo- controlled double-blind study. Photomed Laser Surg, 2011; 29:399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Polarized light versus light-emitting diode on healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcer","volume":"24","author":"El-Deen HB","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Deen HB, , Fahmy S, , Ali SA, , El-Sayed WM. Polarized light versus light-emitting diode on healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcer. Romanian J Biophys, 2014; 24:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Romanian J Biophys"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734617690948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20740"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12133.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12087","article-title":"Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in vitro using low-level infrared light-emitting diodes","volume":"39","author":"Lev-Tov H","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lev-Tov H, , Brody N, , Siegel D, , Jagdeo J. Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation in vitro using low-level infrared light-emitting diodes. Dermatol Surg, 2013; 39:422\u2013425.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1651-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2176-z","article-title":"Epithelial cell-enhanced metabolism by low-level laser therapy and epidermal growth factor","volume":"33","author":"Basso FG","year":"2017","unstructured":"Basso FG, , Pansani TN, , Cardoso LM, et al. Epithelial cell-enhanced metabolism by low-level laser therapy and epidermal growth factor. Lasers Med Sci, 2017; 33:445\u2013449.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4382","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:43:28Z","timestamp":1777679008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/pho.2017.4382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5418","1557-8550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-5418","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}}}