{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:15:35Z","timestamp":1784304935395,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We treated two patients with recalcitrant lichen sclerosus (LS) of the penis with a combination of 1927\u2009nm thulium fiber laser and methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) photodynamic therapy (PDT).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Therapy of LS is based on topical potent steroids, emollients, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Circumcision is effective, but not always accepted. PDT represents a valid therapeutic option in refractory cases, but there are no reports about the association with 1927\u2009nm thulium laser in the treatment of this pathology.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Materials and methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    We used to treat the affected areas with a combination of 1927\u2009nm thulium fiber laser and MAL PDT in the same section. The same protocol was repeated after 1 month.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    An improvement of lesions after the first treatment and complete cleaning after 3 months of therapy were noted. Results were maintained in the follow-up after 2 years.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Association with 1927\u2009nm thulium laser was able to amplify the effectiveness of PDT and to promote tissue remodeling. Despite the positive response to our case, clinical studies are lacking and further analysis could be performed on a wider population to better define correct dosage and safety profile. Further, it is necessary to compare this procedure with other treatments to establish the real effectiveness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T17:09:57Z","timestamp":1514999397000},"page":"333-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Penile Lichen Sclerosus Treated with 1927\u2009nm Thulium Fiber Laser and Photodynamic Therapy: A New Possible Therapeutic Approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Santo Raffaele","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pina","family":"Brianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bartolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Dattola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Paul","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Catanzaro","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus","volume":"57","author":"Wallace HJ","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wallace HJ. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc, 1971; 57:9\u201330.","journal-title":"Trans St Johns Hosp Dermatol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-012-0006-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1999.02611.x","article-title":"Lichen sclerosus in adult men: a study of HLA associations and susceptibility to autoimmune disease","volume":"140","author":"Azurdia RM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Azurdia RM, , Luzzi GA, , Byren I, et al. Lichen sclerosus in adult men: a study of HLA associations and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Br J Dermatol, 1999; 140:79\u201383.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"37","article-title":"Clinical and histological effects of topical treatments of vulval lichen sclerosus: a critical evaluation","volume":"38","author":"Bracco GL","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bracco GL, , Carli P, , Sonni L, et al. Clinical and histological effects of topical treatments of vulval lichen sclerosus: a critical evaluation. J Reprod Med, 1993; 38:37.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Long-term control of vulval lichen sclerosus after treatment with potent topical steroid cream","volume":"38","author":"Dalziel KL","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dalziel KL, , Wojnarowska F. Long-term control of vulval lichen sclerosus after treatment with potent topical steroid cream. J Reprod Med, 1993; 38:25.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Review of HPV-related diseases and cancers","volume":"40","author":"Brianti P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brianti P, , De Flammineis E, , Mercuri SR. Review of HPV-related diseases and cancers. New Microbiol, 2017; 40:80\u201385.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2000.00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13136","article-title":"Evidence-based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus","volume":"29","author":"Kirtschig G","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirtschig G, , Becker K, , G\u00fcnthert A, et al. Evidence-based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2015; 29:e1\u2013e43.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181d94f05","article-title":"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vulvar lichen sclerosus treatment based on immunohistochemical analysis of CD34, CD44, myelin basic protein, and Ki67 antibodies","volume":"20","author":"Olejek A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olejek A, , Steplewska K, , Gabriel A, et al. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vulvar lichen sclerosus treatment based on immunohistochemical analysis of CD34, CD44, myelin basic protein, and Ki67 antibodies. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2010; 20:879\u2013887.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02661.x","article-title":"Recalcitrant vulvar lichen sclerosis treated with aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy: a report of five cases","volume":"22","author":"Sotiriou E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sotiriou E, , Apalla Z, , Patsatsi A, et al. Recalcitrant vulvar lichen sclerosis treated with aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy: a report of five cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2008; 22:1398\u20131399.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0781.2009.00410.x","article-title":"Response of vulval lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia to photodynamic treatment using sustained topical delivery of aminolevulinic acid from a novel bioadhesive patch system","volume":"25","author":"Zawislak AA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zawislak AA, , McCluggage WG, , Donnelly RF, et al. Response of vulval lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia to photodynamic treatment using sustained topical delivery of aminolevulinic acid from a novel bioadhesive patch system. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed, 2009; 25:111\u2013113.","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.07.027","article-title":"An open trial of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"141","author":"Sotiriou E","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sotiriou E, , Panagiotidou D, , Ioannidis D. An open trial of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for vulvar lichen sclerosus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2008; 141:187\u2013188.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"547","article-title":"Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of lichen sclerosus: cell changes in immunohistochemistry","volume":"30","author":"Olejek A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olejek A, , Kozak-Darmas I, , Kellas-Sleczka S, et al. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of lichen sclerosus: cell changes in immunohistochemistry. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 2009; 30:547\u2013551.","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.05.033","article-title":"1927-nm fractional resurfacing of facial actinic keratoses: a promising new therapeutic option","volume":"68","author":"Weiss ET","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weiss ET, , Brauer JA, , Anolik R, et al. 1927-nm fractional resurfacing of facial actinic keratoses: a promising new therapeutic option. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2013; 68:98\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.02667.x","article-title":"Successful treatment of erosive vulvar lichen sclerosus with methylaminolaevulinic acid and laser-mediated photodynamic therapy","volume":"23","author":"Vano-Galvan S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vano-Galvan S, , Fernandez-Guarino M, , Be\u00e0-Ardebol S, , Perez B, , Harto A, , Jaen P. Successful treatment of erosive vulvar lichen sclerosus with methylaminolaevulinic acid and laser-mediated photodynamic therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2009; 23:71\u201372.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(02)00266-3","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy: unapproved uses, dosage, or indications","volume":"20","author":"Katrin AS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katrin AS. Photodynamic therapy: unapproved uses, dosage, or indications. Clin Drmatol, 2002; 20:571\u2013581.","journal-title":"Clin Drmatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12334","article-title":"Daylight methyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy versus ingenol mebutate for the treatment of actinic keratoses: an intraindividual comparative analysis","volume":"29","author":"Genovese G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Genovese G, , Fai D, , Fai C, , Mavilia L, , Mercuri SR. Daylight methyl-aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy versus ingenol mebutate for the treatment of actinic keratoses: an intraindividual comparative analysis. Dermatol Ther, 2016; 29:191\u2013196.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Nonablative 1927\u2009nm fractional resurfacing for the treatment of facial photopigmentation","volume":"13","author":"Brauer JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brauer JA, , McDaniel DH, , Bloom BS, , Reddy KK, , Bernstein LJ, , Geronemus RG. Nonablative 1927\u2009nm fractional resurfacing for the treatment of facial photopigmentation. J Drugs Dermatol, 2014; 13:1317\u20131322.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/14764172.2015.1063657","article-title":"Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis improved with fractional 1927-nm laser treatments","volume":"18","author":"Ross NA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ross NA, , Rosenbaum LE, , Saedi N, , Arndt KA, , Dover JS. Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis improved with fractional 1927-nm laser treatments. J Cosmet Laser Ther, 2016; 18:53\u201355.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2011.02073.x","article-title":"A patient with Bowen' s disease successfully treted using a 1,927-nm thulium fiber fractional laser","volume":"37","author":"Hong SP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hong SP, , Lee HM, , Won CH, , Lee MW, , Choi JH, , Chang S. A patient with Bowen' s disease successfully treted using a 1,927-nm thulium fiber fractional laser. Dermatol Surg, 2011; 37:1373\u20131374.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"}],"container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4386","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:43:31Z","timestamp":1777679011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/pho.2017.4386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5418","1557-8550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-5418","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}}}