{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:20:28Z","timestamp":1777929628564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The objective of this work is to put forward a mechanism by which low-level light [red-to near infrared (NIR) laser or light emitting diodes (LED)] is instrumental in the process of accelerating the healing of wounds.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background data:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Interaction modalities of low-level light with oxidatively stressed cells and tissues are the focus of intense research efforts. Several models of the light\/cell-interaction mechanism have been proposed. In the most popular model, cytochrome\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">c<\/jats:italic>\n                    oxidase is believed to play the role of the principal acceptor for red-to NIR photons.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    Using as an illustrative example the successful LED treatment of an edematous limb ulcer, the results of recent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    tests and complementary laboratory experiments are presented and discussed.\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    The most plausible mechanism of biostimulatory effect of red-to NIR light consists of its impact on the nanoscopic interfacial water layers in mitochondria and the extracellular matrix (ECM) where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce an increase in the viscosity of the water layers bound to the predominantly hydrophilic surfaces in the intramitochondrial space as well as the ECM, where the process progressively propagates with age. The biostimulatory effect of red-to NIR light consists of counteracting the ROS-induced elevation of interfacial water viscosities, thereby instantly restoring the normal mitochondrial function, including the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the rotary motor (ATP synthase).\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    An understanding of the mechanism of interaction of red-to NIR light with mitochondria, cells, and tissues safeguards progress in the field of low-level light therapy (LLLT) and puts us in the position to design better therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T12:09:05Z","timestamp":1521806945000},"page":"284-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aging Is a Sticky Business"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Andrei P.","family":"Sommer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulm, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454701750066910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(98)00219-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.07.07","article-title":"The sperm stewing in its own ROS\u2014in the plastic petri dish","volume":"5","author":"F\u00f6rsterling HD","year":"2017","unstructured":"F\u00f6rsterling HD, , Pavl\u00e1th AE, , Mester AR, , Pinheiro ALB, , Trelles MA. The sperm stewing in its own ROS\u2014in the plastic petri dish. Ann Transl Med, 2017; 5:366.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Sommer AP Haddad MKh Fecht HJ. Tuning the wheel of life with light. Proceedings of the International Conference on Laser Applications in Life Sciences. Ulm Germany 2014 p. 145."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"A mechanism for ultrasound\/light-induced biostimulation","volume":"3","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommer AP. A mechanism for ultrasound\/light-induced biostimulation. Ann Transl Med, 2015; 3:291.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M303034200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"346","article-title":"Tuning the mitochondrial rotary motor with light","volume":"3","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommer AP, , Mester AR, , Trelles MA. Tuning the mitochondrial rotary motor with light. Ann Transl Med, 2015; 3:346.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"12029","article-title":"Light effect on water viscosity: implications for ATP biosynthesis","volume":"5","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommer AP, , Haddad MKh, , Fecht HJ. Light effect on water viscosity: implications for ATP biosynthesis. Nat Sci Rep, 2015; 5:12029.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4682","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0393269","article-title":"Inelastic incoherent neutron scattering measurements of intact cells and tissues and detection of interfacial water","volume":"126","author":"Ford RC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ford RC, , Ruffle SV, , Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, et al. Inelastic incoherent neutron scattering measurements of intact cells and tissues and detection of interfacial water. J Am Chem Soc, 2004; 126:4682\u20134688.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"97","article-title":"Maturation and aging of elastic fibers","volume":"262","author":"Stadler R","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stadler R, , Orfanos CE. Maturation and aging of elastic fibers. Arch Derm Res, 1978; 262:97\u2013111.","journal-title":"Arch Derm Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.08.18","article-title":"Genesis on diamonds II: contact with diamond enhances human sperm performance by 300%","volume":"4","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sommer AP, , Jaganathan S, , Maduro MR, , Hancke K, , Janni W, , Fecht HJ. Genesis on diamonds II: contact with diamond enhances human sperm performance by 300%. Ann Transl Med, 2016; 4:407.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price M. Diamond dishes could boost IVF success rates. Science. Available at: www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2017\/04\/diamond-dishes-could-boost-ivf-success-rates.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal1086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.08.33","article-title":"Diamonds are for men, too","volume":"5","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sommer AP. Diamonds are for men, too. Ann Transl Med, 2017; 5:509.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2006.00230.x","article-title":"Phototherapy in anti-aging and its photobiologic basics: a new approach to skin rejuvenation","volume":"5","author":"Trelles MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trelles MA. Phototherapy in anti-aging and its photobiologic basics: a new approach to skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2006; 5:87\u201391.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3452"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2006.11.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS-radical detoxification, mediated by protein kinase D","volume":"17","author":"Storz P","year":"2007","unstructured":"Storz P. Mitochondrial ROS-radical detoxification, mediated by protein kinase D. Trends Cell Biol, 2007; 17:13\u201318.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Protein kinase D signaling: multiple biological functions in health and disease","volume":"26","author":"Rozengurt E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rozengurt E. Protein kinase D signaling: multiple biological functions in health and disease. Physiology (Bethesda), 2011; 26:23\u201333.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.474","article-title":"Protein kinase D1 has a key role in wound healing and skin carcinogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Rashel M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rashel M, , Alston N, , Ghazizadeh S. Protein kinase D1 has a key role in wound healing and skin carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol, 2014; 134:902\u2013909.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"A mechanism for ultrasound\/light-induced biostimulation","volume":"3","author":"Sommer AP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommer AP. A mechanism for ultrasound\/light-induced biostimulation. Ann Transl Med, 2015; 3:291.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(84)80577-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/191144a0"}],"container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4393","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T23:43:33Z","timestamp":1777679013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/pho.2017.4393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2017.4393","relation":{},"ISSN":["1549-5418","1557-8550"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-5418","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8550","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}