{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:50:32Z","timestamp":1790740232638,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photomedicine and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the reparative and inhibitory effects of a light-emitting diode-mediated photobiomodulation (PBM) and of a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-nine Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untreated group (negative control), group treated with orthodontic appliances (positive control), PBM-treated group (wavelength: 618\u2009nm, output power density: 20\u2009mW\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and LIPUS-treated group (frequency: 1.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20095% MHz, pulse repetition ratio: 1.0%\u2009\u00b1\u200910% kHz, effect area: 3.88%\u2009\u00b1\u20091% cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and intensity: 30%\u2009\u00b1\u200930% mW\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). OIIRR was induced experimentally in rats for 14 days with an applied force of 100\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">g<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and therapeutic approaches were performed concurrently. At the end of the experiment, upper first molar teeth of rats were prepared for genetic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Kruskal\u2013Wallis and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      Dunn's tests were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Number of osteoclasts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), number of resorption lacunae and resorption area ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) decreased and number of total cells (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased with the PBM and LIPUS applications when compared with the positive control group. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) levels of PBM and LIPUS groups were lower (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels were higher (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the positive control group. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression significantly decreased with LIPUS and PBM administrations (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No significant difference was observed among PBM and LIPUS groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PBM and LIPUS applications showed marked inhibitory and reparative effects on OIIRR by modulating the OPG\/RANKL ratio, Cox-2 expression, and cell differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2018.4508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T15:15:26Z","timestamp":1544627726000},"page":"653-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Effects of Photobiomodulation and Ultrasound Applications on Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption; Transcriptional Alterations in OPG, RANKL, Cox-2: An Experimental Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nisa","family":"Gul Amuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Erciyes University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gokmen","family":"Kurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bezmialem Vakif University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enis","family":"Guray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Orthodontic Practice","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1214-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1061-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00294-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2064"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1134\/S1054660X10130153","article-title":"Increased viability of odontoblast-like cells subjected to low-level laser irradiation","volume":"20","author":"Oliveira C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oliveira C, , Basso F, , Lins E, et al. Increased viability of odontoblast-like cells subjected to low-level laser irradiation. Laser Phys, 2010; 20:1659\u20131666.","journal-title":"Laser Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/15.4.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2319\/052007-240.1","article-title":"Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar","volume":"78","author":"Gonzales C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzales C, , Hotokezaka H, , Yoshimatsu M, , Yozgatian JH, , Darendeliler MA, , Yoshida N. Force magnitude and duration effects on amount of tooth movement and root resorption in the rat molar. 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Eur J Orthod, 2016; 12:235\u2013242.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2008.2283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00423.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-010-0853-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2006.24.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2319\/030711-164.1","article-title":"Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats","volume":"82","author":"Liu Z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Z, , Xu J, , Wang D. Ultrasound enhances the healing of orthodontically induced root resorption in rats. Angle Orthod, 2011; 82:48\u201355.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.01.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.016","article-title":"Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs","volume":"40","author":"Al-Daghreer S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Daghreer S, , Doschak M, , Sloan AJ, et al. Effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on orthodontically induced root resorption in beagle dogs. 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