{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:30:35Z","timestamp":1778081435275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mechanical methods of periodontal therapy alone may fail to eliminate the tissue-invasive pathogenic flora; therefore, considerable attention has been given to adjunctive antimicrobial measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical and microbiological effects of diode laser (DL) as an adjunct to Kirkland flap surgery versus Kirkland flap surgery alone for the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth \u22655\u2009mm after phase I therapy were included in this split-mouth study. Two contralateral quadrants of each patient were randomly assigned to either test or control group. Control group was treated with Kirkland flap surgery alone, whereas test group was treated with DL as an adjunct to Kirkland flap surgery. Periodontal parameters were recorded, and subgingival plaque samples were collected from both the control and test groups at baseline and third and sixth month. The plaque samples were then analyzed for red complex organisms using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with baseline, both treatments showed an improvement in periodontal parameters at the third and sixth month. However, test group produced a significant improvement in plaque index (1.039\u2009\u00b1\u20090.069 vs. 1.392\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), bleeding on probing (16.512\u2009\u00b1\u20095.982 vs. 37.051\u2009\u00b1\u20097.459,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), probing pocket depth (1.727\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39 vs. 3.016\u2009\u00b1\u20090.47,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and clinical attachment level (2.054\u2009\u00b1\u20090.524 vs. 3.354\u2009\u00b1\u20090.728,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at third and sixth month compared with the control group. Moreover, in the test group, levels of red complex bacteria were significantly reduced at third and sixth month compared with the control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DL as an adjunct to Kirkland flap surgery has resulted in a greater reduction in clinical and microbiological parameters compared with Kirkland flap surgery alone, thereby offering additional benefit in treating generalized chronic periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2018.4519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T14:59:51Z","timestamp":1548341991000},"page":"99-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Diode Laser as an Adjunct to Kirkland Flap Surgery\u2014A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical and Microbiological Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Janani","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajaram","family":"Vijayalakshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaideep","family":"Mahendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"Kanakamedala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Burnice Nalina Kumari","family":"Chellathurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Selvarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambalavanan","family":"Namachivayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.8.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03670.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03679.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.145808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2012.3252"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_810_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6_part2.610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2017.4288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2016.4117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454702753768034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.4.370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.11.1308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"84","article-title":"Nd:YAG-assisted periodontal curettage to prevent bacteria before cardiovascular surgery","volume":"17","author":"Pinero J","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pinero J. 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