{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:54:31Z","timestamp":1784595271400,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Port-wine stain (PWS) patients may simultaneously have accompanied soft tissue hypertrophy. The outcome of laser therapy can be poor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the imaging and histopathological characteristics of PWS patients with facial overgrowth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively assessed the effect of therapy on a subset of PWS patients with facial overgrowth. The degree of hypertrophy and the density of enhanced signals on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were independently graded by two radiologists using a quartile scale. Biopsies\/resection of tissue deep to the facial muscle was reviewed and compared with flat PWS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-two PWS patients with facial hypertrophy and 15 patients with flat PWS were included. MRI revealed a statistically significant correlation between the degree of hypertrophy and the density of enhanced signals (3.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92 vs. 2.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.69;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Histological features of a subset of patients showed that vascular malformations existed in the dermis and also in the subcutaneous fat and muscle with much larger vessel diameters (fat, 0.048 vs. 0.020; muscle, 0.035 vs. 0.017) and thicker vessel walls (fat, 0.014 vs. 0.006; muscle, 0.010 vs. 0.006) (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The imaging and pathological findings indicate that capillary malformation in subcutaneous tissue might be a major cause of poor therapeutic effect of laser therapy for PWS.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trial registration no.: ChiCTR1800014278.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2020.4982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T10:21:40Z","timestamp":1632219700000},"page":"593-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imaging and Pathological Characteristics of Port-Wine Stain Patients with Tissue Hypertrophy Before Laser Therapy: Retrospective Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jiafang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 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