{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:22:15Z","timestamp":1777929735165,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is widely accepted as an effective treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the recovery is often delayed and incomplete. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) produces a nonthermal effect on living tissues; it promotes healing, remodels and reduces inflammation of an injured nerve. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of CTR between patients who underwent postoperative PBMT and without PBMT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We recruited 105 patients who had open CTR from January 2019 to January 2021. Fifty-six patients fulfilled the study criteria and were randomized into two groups: with PBMT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928) and without PBMT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928). Demographic and clinical data were obtained preoperatively. The PBMT group had ten 3-min sessions over 3 weeks using 808\u2009nm, 50\u2009mW PBMT to deliver 9\u2009J per session to the CTR incision scar. Clinical outcomes were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant improvements in the Functional Status Scale in the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and pain (visual analogue scales) in the morning (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019) at 1 month postoperatively in the PBMT group compared with the non-PBMT group. Improvement of tip pinch strength at 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022) and 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024), lateral pinch strength at 1 month (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) and 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05), and tripod pinch strength at 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) was significantly better in the PBMT group. Thumb 2-point discrimination (2PD) at 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and 6 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016) and index finger 2PD at 3 months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) were also significantly improved in the PBMT group. There were no side effects of PBMT reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who underwent PBMT post-CTR had better outcomes. PBMT may be a valuable adjunct to post-CTR care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2023.0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T16:11:27Z","timestamp":1690560687000},"page":"402-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Photobiomodulation Therapy in Carpal Tunnel Release: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jia Peng","family":"Chuah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saw Sian","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tze Yang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunasagaran","family":"Jayaletchumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.0301"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"993","article-title":"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and management","volume":"94","author":"Wipperman J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wipperman J, , Goerl K. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician, 2016; 94(12):993\u2013999.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2009.05175.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2013.837392"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X14500207"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-399"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13162"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushibiki T Ishihara M. Biological function of low reactive level laser therapy (LLLT). Photomedicine\u2014Advances in Clinical Practice; 2017. 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