{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:22:25Z","timestamp":1777929745425,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex ocular surface inflammatory disorder with a multifactorial etiology. Therapies such as intense pulsed light (IPL) and heated eye mask (HEM) have been reported to improve the tear film lipid layer (TFLL) and signs and symptoms of DED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized study aimed to compare the effects of IPL combined with HEM (IPL+HEM) group, IPL group, and control group in participants with evaporative DED. All participants were examined at baseline (D0), day 21 (D21), day 42 (D42), and day 84 (D84) for noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), TFLL, corneal conjunctival staining (CS), meibomian gland quality (MGQ), meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of participants was IPL+HEM: 28.06\u2009\u00b1\u20093.88 years, IPL: 29.88\u2009\u00b1\u20094.68 years, and control: 28.52\u2009\u00b1\u20093.77 years. At D84, significant improvements in TFLL (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), noninvasive tear breakup time (NITBUT) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), corneoconjunctival staining (CS) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), MGQ (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), MGEx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and OSDI (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were found in the IPL+HEM and IPL groups, whereas the control group had no significant improvements. Furthermore, \u0394TFLL significantly correlated with \u0394NITBUT (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.678,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), \u0394CS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.321,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), \u0394MGQ (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.669,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), \u0394MGEx (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.598,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and \u0394OSDI score (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.649,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IPL therapy in combination with HEM and IPL therapy only can significantly improve the quality of TFLL and clinically reduce the sign and symptoms of evaporative DED. However, IPL therapy in combination with HEM was found to be more effective than IPL therapy alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2023.0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T15:10:20Z","timestamp":1692025820000},"page":"435-444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tear Film Lipid Layer Changes Following Combined Effect of Heated Eye Mask with Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Evaporative Dry Eye: A Randomized Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Liangzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, 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