{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:22:37Z","timestamp":1777929757498,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aging and changes in hormone levels influence the appearance of the vulva, including the texture, pigmentation, and other manifestations, all of which may largely affect the physical and mental health of women. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) laser treatment for vulvar rejuvenation in Chinese women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The limited options currently available for vulvar rejuvenation raise concerns. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether the fractional CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser can safely and effectively rejuvenate the vulvar area for women of various ages and races.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 17 patients (mean age\u2009=\u200936.4 years) treated three times by continuous fractional CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser with an interval of 1 month between each session. The primary outcomes were changes in vulva texture and pigmentation. Treatment was evaluated using images of the patients. Baseline and posttreatment images were collected and evaluated using a scoring system from 0 to 3 to grade the vulvar texture and pigmentation changes. In addition, patients rated their degree of vaginal rejuvenation after the treatment using a scoring system from 0 to 3.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fractional CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser treatment effectively and significantly increased vulvar texture and decreased vulvar pigmentation after three sessions (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Patients also self-reported noticeable improvement. There were no adverse reactions during the treatment and follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fractional CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      laser treatment is a safe and effective method for vulvar rejuvenation in women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2023.0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T16:18:46Z","timestamp":1706804326000},"page":"168-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fractional CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Laser for Vulvar Tissue Rejuvenation: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Congying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cosmetology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cosmetology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cosmetology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Cosmetology, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2016.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-005-0079-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjaa038"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv023"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001000"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1145-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy180"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002418"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","first-page":"396","article-title":"Noninvasive vaginal rejuvenation: Radiofrequency devices","volume":"17","author":"Hoss E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoss E, , Kollipara R, , Fabi S. 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