{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:25:23Z","timestamp":1777929923579,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Palliative Medicine Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tramadol is known to provide synergistic analgesia when used in combination with morphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were: (1) to introduce an opioid combination therapy using pure-\u03bc-opioid receptor agonist (OPI) + tramadol injections (OPI + tramadol) and (2) to elucidate safety and efficacy of this combination therapy for opioid-na\u00efve cancer pain patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid-na\u00efve patients referred to our palliative care team (in Japan) who were unable to take oral medications and received OPI + tramadol as opioid induction agents were retrospectively investigated on the electric medical chart. OPI + tramadol dosage was adjusted to achieve the patient\u2019s pain as Numerical Rating Scale \u22644\/10 or Support Team Assessment Schedule-Japanese \u22641. Patients\u2019 demography, doses of OPI and tramadol administered, and adverse events were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 44 patients were included. The primary organs of malignancy were pancreas (11), stomach (5), lung (4), breast (4), liver (4), and others (13). OPI injections administered were hydromorphone (39), morphine (6), oxycodone (1), and fentanyl (1). The starting doses of OPI (morphine equivalent) and tramadol were 6.05 \u00b1 1.63 and 67.8 \u00b1 13.6 mg\/day, respectively, and the final doses of OPI (morphine equivalent) and tramadol were 8.14 \u00b1 3.85 and 80.0 \u00b1 28.5 mg\/day, respectively. Treatment goals were achieved in all patients. There were three patients in whom OPI was switched owing to inadequate analgesia and no new side effects other than those known to occur when OPI or tramadol is administered appeared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that this innovative and unique opioid therapy can be safely and effectively introduced to opioid-na\u00efve cancer patients who are relatively close to the end of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/pmr.2023.0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T05:12:45Z","timestamp":1722834765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Combined Injection of Pure-\u03bc-Opioid Agonist with Tramadol as an Opioid Induction Agent for Opioid-Na\u00efve Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tetsumi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Palliative Medicine, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Palliative Medicine, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Kamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Team, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."},{"name":"Patient and Family Support Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2021.09.011"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Update on prevalence of pain in patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen MHJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Beuken-van Everdingen MHJ, , Hochstenbach LMJ, , Joosten EAJ, et al. 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