{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:27:34Z","timestamp":1777930054722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Population Health Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Radical innovation and disruptive technologies are frequently heralded as a solution to delivering higher quality, lower cost health care. According to the literature on disruption, local hospitals and physicians (incumbent providers) may be unable to competitively respond to such \u201ccreative destruction\u201d and alter their business models for a host of reasons, thus threatening their future survival. However, strategic management theory and research suggest that, under certain conditions, incumbent providers may be able to weather the discontinuities posed by the disrupters. This article analyzes 3 disruptive innovations in service delivery: single-specialty hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and retail clinics. We first discuss the features of these innovations to assess how disruptive they are. We then draw on the literature on strategic adaptation to suggest how incumbents develop competitive responses to these disruptive innovations that assure their continued survival. These arguments are then evaluated in a field study of several urban markets based on interviews with both incumbents and entrants. The interviews indicate that entrants have failed to disrupt incumbent providers primarily as a result of strategies pursued by the incumbents. The findings cast doubt on the prospects for these disruptive innovations to transform health care. (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Population Health Management<\/jats:italic>\n                    2011;14:69\u201377)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2010.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T01:05:04Z","timestamp":1290560704000},"page":"69-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Strategic Response by Providers to Specialty Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgery Centers, and Retail Clinics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lawton R.","family":"Burns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorens A.","family":"Helmchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"The Theory of Economic Development","author":"Schumpter JA","year":"1934","unstructured":"Schumpter JA. 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Sloan Management Rev, 2002Spring22\u201331.","journal-title":"Sloan Management Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Skate to where the money will be","volume":"79","author":"Christensen CM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Christensen CM, , Raynor M, , Verlinden M. Skate to where the money will be. Harv Bus Rev, 2001; 79:73\u201381.","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Will disruptive innovations cure health care?","volume":"78","author":"Christensen CM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Christensen CM, , Bohmer R, , Kenagy J. Will disruptive innovations cure health care? Harv Bus Rev, 2000; 78:102\u2013112.","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","volume-title":"The Innovator's Prescription: A Disruptive Solution for Health Care","author":"Christensen CM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen CM, , Grossman JH, , Hwang J. The Innovator's Prescription: A Disruptive Solution for Health Care. 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CMS study of physician-owned specialty hospitals required in Section 507(c)(2) of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. http:\/\/www.heartland.org\/custom\/semod_policybot\/pdf\/19681.pdf. 2010 May 31."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860607309626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","volume-title":"Cost saving, or just convenient? Presented at: Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medicine","author":"Thygeson M","unstructured":"Thygeson M. Retail clinics. Cost saving, or just convenient? Presented at: Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, July 16\u201317, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2008.0567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Tynan A November E Lauer J Pham H Cram P. 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