{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:08:29Z","timestamp":1777932509439,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Population Health Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This was a retrospective database analysis (2001\u20132009) of employees' medical, prescription drug, and absence costs and days from sick leave, short- and long-term disability, and workers' compensation. Employees with an ICD-9 diagnostic code for back or neck pain and an ICD-9 for a back- or neck-related neuropathic condition (eg, myelopathy, compression of the spinal cord, neuritis, radiculitis) or radiculopathy were considered to have nociceptive back or neck pain with a neuropathic component. Employees with an ICD-9 for back pain or neck pain and no ICD-9 for a back- or neck-related neuropathic condition or radiculopathy were defined to have nociceptive back or neck pain. Patients with nociceptive back or neck pain with a neuropathic component were classified as having or not having prior nociceptive pain. Annual costs (medical and prescription drug costs and absence costs) and days from sick leave, short- and long-term disability, and workers' compensation were evaluated. Mean annual total costs were highest ($8512) for nociceptive pain with a neuropathic component with prior nociceptive pain (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =9162 employees), $7126 for nociceptive pain with a neuropathic component with no prior nociceptive pain (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =5172), $5574 for nociceptive pain only (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =35,347), and $3017 for control employees with no back or neck pain diagnosis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =226,683). Medical, short-term disability, and prescription drugs yielded the highest incremental costs compared to controls. Mean total absence days\/year were 8.26, 7.86, 5.70, and 3.44, respectively. The economic burden of back pain or neck pain is increased when associated with a neuropathic component. 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