{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:01:18Z","timestamp":1791558078351,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Population Health Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary objective was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of older adults concurrently using opioids and other central nervous system (CNS)-active medications, and the specialties of providers who ordered the medications. A secondary objective was to document medication-related adverse effects associated with such concurrent drug use. Study populations were identified as older adults aged \u226565 years with 1 year continuous medical and drug plan enrollment during 2017 and opioid use of \u22652 prescriptions for \u226515 days' supply. CNS-active medications included benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, muscle relaxants, antipsychotics, and gabapentinoids. Provider specialties were identified from the National Provider Identification database. Characteristics associated with opioids only, opioids plus 1, and opioids plus \u22652 additional CNS-active medications were determined using multinomial logistic regression. Outcome measures during 2017 included injurious falls\/fractures and \u22653 emergency room (ER) visits. Among eligible insureds (N\u2009=\u2009209,947), 57% used opioids only, 28% used opioids plus 1 additional CNS medication, and 15% used \u22652 additional medications. About 60% of opioids and other concurrent CNS medications were prescribed by the same provider, generally a primary care provider. Benzodiazepines and gabapentinoids were most often used concurrently with opioids. Health status, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and low back pain had the strongest associations with concurrent medication use. Overall, concurrent use with \u22652 CNS medications increased the likelihood of injurious falls\/fractures or \u22653 ER visits in this population by about 18% and 21%, respectively. Both patients and providers may benefit from an awareness of adverse outcomes associated with concurrent opioid and other CNS-active medication use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2019.0128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T14:54:19Z","timestamp":1574693659000},"page":"286-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Concurrent Use of Opioids with Other Central Nervous System-Active Medications Among Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shirley","family":"Musich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research for Aging Populations, Optum, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohung S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research for Aging Populations, Optum, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke B.","family":"Slindee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informatics &amp; Data Science, Optum, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joann","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicare &amp; Retirement, UnitedHealthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte S.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AARP Services, Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration. 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