{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:28:38Z","timestamp":1791494918821,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychedelic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Recent years have seen a resurgence in clinical interest in, and increased public acceptance of, psychedelic drugs in Canada. However, our understanding of how psychedelic drugs are currently used in Canada remains limited. We developed the Canadian Psychedelic Survey (CPS) to gather real-world evidence about psychedelic drug use in Canada. This study aimed to characterize CPS respondents; identify access sources; explore psychedelic-specific patterns, purposes, and contexts of use; and contextualize intense positive and challenging psychedelic experiences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CPS was administered in January 2022. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and understand access to psychedelic drugs and detailed patterns and contexts of use. We built separate logistic regression models to identify sociodemographic and psychedelic-related correlates of reporting an intense positive and challenging experience with psychedelic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">:<\/jats:italic>\n                      We analyzed data from 2045 respondents (mean age\u2009=\u200938.4 years; 56% female). Psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were the most used psychedelic drugs. Top motivations for psychedelic drug use were fun, self-exploration, general mental well-being, and personal growth. Lifetime intense positive and challenging psychedelic experiences were reported by 82% and 52%, respectively. Over half (56%) of those who had an intense challenging experience reported that \u201csome good\u201d came from the experience after-the-fact. In multivariable analysis, significant correlates of intense positive experiences included higher perceived psychedelic experience and fun and self-exploration as motivations for use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Significant correlates of intense challenging experiences included higher perceived psychedelic experience and trauma management, fun, and boredom as motivations for use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CPS is the most comprehensive survey of psychedelic drug use to date. Detailing the range of therapeutic and nontherapeutic experiences of psychedelic drug consumers in Canada, these findings add important nuances that can inform evolving clinical research and policy discussions impacting safe access to and use of psychedelic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/psymed.2023.0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T09:21:58Z","timestamp":1681896118000},"page":"98-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Canadian Psychedelic Survey: Characteristics, Patterns of Use, and Access in a Large Sample of People Who Use Psychedelic Drugs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SABI Mind, Calgary, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867421998785"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721004207"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06009-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13249"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","article-title":"Classic psychedelic use and mechanisms of mental health: Exploring the mediating roles of spirituality and emotion processing on symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and disordered eating in a community sample","volume":"002216782110480","author":"Lafrance A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lafrance A, , Strahan E, , Bird BM, et al. Classic psychedelic use and mechanisms of mental health: Exploring the mediating roles of spirituality and emotion processing on symptoms of anxiety, depressed mood, and disordered eating in a community sample. J Human Psychol, 2021:00221678211048049; In Press; doi: 10.1177\/00221678211048049","journal-title":"J Human Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","unstructured":"Psychedelics Legalization & Decriminalization Tracker: Psychedelic Apha. Available from: https:\/\/psychedelicalpha.com\/data\/psychedelic-laws [Last accessed: October 18 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","unstructured":"Subsection 56(1) Class Exemption for Adults in the Province of British Columbia to Possess Small Amounts of Opioids Cocaine Methamphetamine and MDMA: Government of Canada; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/health-concerns\/controlled-substances-precursor-chemicals\/policy-regulations\/policy-documents\/exemption-personal-possession-small-amounts-certain-illegal-drugs-british-columbia\/subsection-56-1-class-exempltion-adults-18-years-age-older.html [Last accessed: December 21 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","unstructured":"Psychedelic Association of Canada. New Poll Shows a Strong Base of Canadians Overwhelmingly Support Controlled Legal Access to Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy; Canadian Psychedelic Association responds with Memorandum of Regulatory Approval (MORA): GlobeNewswire; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/en\/news-release\/2021\/08\/04\/2274436\/0\/en\/New-poll-shows-a-strong-base-of-Canadians-overwhelmingly-support-controlled-legal-access-to-psilocybin-assisted-therapy-Canadian-Psychedelic-Association-responds-with-Memorandum-of.html [Last accessed: August 4 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","unstructured":"Champagne J-R Ramadan SR. Health Canada Finally Restores Access to Psychedelics: Fasken. Available from: https:\/\/www.fasken.com\/en\/knowledge\/2022\/01\/health-canada-finally-restores-access-to-psychedelics [Last accessed: January 20 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.513068"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1587556"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"Canadian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (CADS): Summary of Results for 2019: Government of Canada; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/canadian-alcohol-drugs-survey\/2019-summary.html#a3 [Last accessed: December 20 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2018.1484940"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1474185"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00955"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119845793"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116684335"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118780612"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320986634"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/15733998113099990003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","unstructured":"Borrell B. The Next Big Addiction Treatment: The New York Times; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/03\/31\/well\/mind\/psilocybin-mushrooms-addiction-therapy.html [Last accessed: December 21 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565144"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114548296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12985"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817709585"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1918477117"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103816"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61462-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116662634"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","article-title":"Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey","volume":"2","author":"Robinson J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robinson J, , Bouso JC, Andi\u00f3n \u00d3, et al. Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey. 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White washing psychedelics: Racial equity in the emerging field of psychedelic-assisted mental health research and treatment. 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