{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:30:26Z","timestamp":1791912626584,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychedelic Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introductions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mystical experiences are powerful experiences that may have therapeutic value. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, has shown potential to induce mystical experiences. However, little research has explored this phenomenon, particularly in treatment-resistant depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed clinical data from 60 veterans with treatment-resistant depression receiving a total of 189 ketamine treatments. Veterans either received intranasal esketamine or racemic parenteral ketamine (intravenous or intramuscular). The Revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30) was administered following ketamine treatments to assess the occurrence of mystical experience. A linear mixed model was used to examine the association between MEQ-30 scores and several treatment-related variables including gender, age, treatment number, dose, comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder, and pretreatment depression rating scores (PHQ-9).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Complete mystical experience was reported in 17.02% of esketamine treatments and 18.19% of racemic ketamine treatments. In the esketamine group, a greater number of treatment sessions was associated with higher MEQ-30 scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.05). In the racemic ketamine group, higher doses were associated with higher MEQ-30 scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that ketamine can occasion mystical experiences in veterans with treatment-resistant depression. Future studies should further explore the mystical-type effects of ketamine as a potential contributor to its therapeutic effect in treatment-resistant depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1745494363000},"page":"136-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ketamine-Occasioned Mystical Experience in Veterans with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kush V.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason N.","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em","family":"Ellerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Perivoliotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Pittman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhakshin","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bismark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA."},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hood RW. The Construction and Preliminary Validation of a Measure of Reported Mystical Experience. 1975.","DOI":"10.2307\/1384454"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190665678.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167816674625"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00345-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000389X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214377"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108094300"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00194"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117731279"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.788155"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00974","article-title":"Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression","volume":"8","author":"Roseman L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roseman L, , Nutt DJ, , Carhart-Harris RL. Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Front Pharmacol, 2017; 8(JAN):974; doi: 10.3389\/fphar.2017.00974","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00192"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","article-title":"Are \u201cMystical Experiences\u201d Essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics","author":"Hashimoto K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hashimoto K. Are \u201cMystical Experiences\u201d Essential for antidepressant actions of ketamine and the classic psychedelics? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2024; doi: 10.1007\/s00406-024-01770-7","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20240644"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.255"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00637"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120097"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9545759.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230980"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.695335"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2023.2186285"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38258-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120970879"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2024.100316"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030800"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S426193"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03074-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2358-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/psymed.2023.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4769-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.06.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108093587"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00953-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-019-05279-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300501"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","article-title":"A qualitative study of patients\u2019 experience of ketamine treatment for depression: The \u2018Ketamine and me\u2019 project","volume":"4","author":"Griffiths C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griffiths C, , Walker K, , Reid I, et al. A qualitative study of patients\u2019 experience of ketamine treatment for depression: The \u2018Ketamine and me\u2019 project. J Affect Disord Rep, 2021; 4; doi: 10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100079","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0256-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811241227026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01588-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881121992676"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4820-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1998.10399709"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2054.2022.00198"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50612-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02800-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.868103"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1268832"}],"container-title":["Psychedelic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:39:16Z","timestamp":1780335556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/psymed.2024.0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2831-4425","2831-4433"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2831-4425","type":"print"},{"value":"2831-4433","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]}}}