{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:14:18Z","timestamp":1777932858121,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rejuvenation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A Chinese herbal preparation, SiMiaoFang (SMF), has been used clinically for treating arthralgia by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving activities. However, no evidence base links SMF to anti-osteoarthritis (OA), particularly its link to inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation. In this study, we undertook a characterization of anti-OA activity of SMF using an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    rat model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT+MMx) together with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies with chondrocytes for further molecular characterization. ACLT+MMx rats were treated with SMF at doses of 0.63, 1.25, and 2.5\u2009grams\/kg per day for 6 weeks. SMF treatments significantly inhibited cartilage matrix degradation, as indicated by increasing proteoglycan and collagen content, particularly type II collagen expression in articular cartilage, decreasing CTX-II (collagen type II degradation marker), and increasing CPII (collagen type II synthesis marker) in circulation. Moreover, SMF suppressed synovial inflammation and inhibited release of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in serum. The levels of serum prostaglandin E\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and nitric oxide productions were decreased via suppression of the production of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Importantly, SMF interfered with OA-augmented expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -3 and -13 and aggrecanases (ADAMTS) -4 and -5, which are considered to be key enzymes in cartilage matrix degradation, and simultaneously augmented OA-reduced tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -3 expression in the joints. The largest changes in these parameters were found at the highest dose. Meanwhile, SMF significantly decreased MMP-3 and -13 and increased TIMP-1 and -3 at mRNA and protein levels in IL-1\u03b2\u2013induced chondrocytes. These findings provide the first evidence that SMF effectively treats OA by inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2013.1439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,25]],"date-time":"2013-06-25T15:24:25Z","timestamp":1372173865000},"page":"364-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Treatment with SiMiaoFang, an Anti-Arthritis Chinese Herbal Formula, Inhibits Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen-li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-heng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200109)44:9<1969::AID-ART342>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-1073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197052030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711300304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0006355X2002039001002025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1010593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(08)60008-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.5082"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199810)41:10<1748::AID-ART7>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2416-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia","author":"China Pharmacopoeia Committee","year":"2005","unstructured":"China Pharmacopoeia Committee. 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