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In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were intravenously infused into elderly macaques. We found that thymus volume was substantially increased, some thymus tissue regeneration was observed, the degree of thymus tissue fibrosis decreased, collagen fiber deposition decreased, cortical and medulla structures emerged gradually, the number of apoptotic cells decreased significantly, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins decreased. For the effects of stem cell therapy on aging-related genes, we performed transcriptomic analysis of thymus tissue. The results show the expression pattern of the tissue transcriptome tended to be similar to the thymus expression pattern in young macaques compared with the elderly group, reverse aging-related proteins. Based on the results, it is suggested that stem cell therapy is an ideal method to prevent or reverse the aging of the thymus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2022.0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T08:21:24Z","timestamp":1658737284000},"page":"223-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mechanism of Thymus Rejuvenation in Elderly Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yan-Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China."},{"name":"Department of Science and Education, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated 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