{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:38:48Z","timestamp":1787168328316,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rejuvenation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Frailty, a multifaceted syndrome, affects approximately 26% of older adults globally, yet there are limited data on the prevalence and longitudinal impact of frailty subtypes. Therefore, in this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of physical, psychological, and cognitive frailty, transitions between subtypes, and associated health determinants among Malaysian community-dwelling older adults. This study is part of the longitudinal aging study in Malaysia (LRGS Ageless and TUA). We assessed 815 older adults in 2014, with successful follow-up of 402 participants (mean age: 67.08\u2009\u00b1\u20095.38 years) after 5 years. Frailty subtypes were assessed at baseline, and transitions were evaluated at the 5-year mark. At baseline, the prevalence of older adults categorized as robust, physical frailty, cognitive frailty, and psychological frailty was 26.7%, 36.3%, 12.1%, and 16.7%, respectively, with 8.1% exhibiting concurrent psychological and cognitive frailty. Follow-up results showed that 22.9% remained robust, 46.8% experienced no change, 24.9% deteriorated (adversed), and 5.5% improved (reversed). Logistic regression analysis identified living alone (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), increased body fat percentage (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), increased waist circumference (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), reduced fat-free mass (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), decreased lower limb flexibility (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), and declined cardiorespiratory fitness (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) as significant predictors of frailty deterioration. Higher Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and improved Timed Up and Go and Chair Stand test results (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) were significantly associated with the reversal of frailty subtypes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Younger older adults (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), males (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), those with lower WHO Disability Scale scores (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), and higher MMSE scores (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) were significantly less likely to develop frailty subtypes. Intervention strategies that focus on combined physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functions are crucial for both reversing and preventing the progression of frailty subtypes in older adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2024.0047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T06:41:18Z","timestamp":1725345678000},"page":"198-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Transition of Physical, Psychological, and Cognitive Frailty and Its\u2019 Associated Determinants in Malaysian Older Adults: A 5-Year Follow-up Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Pavapriya","family":"Ponvel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."},{"name":"Inti International University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resshaya Roobini","family":"Murukesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM CREATE, Singapore, Singapore."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzana","family":"Shahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Fatin Malek","family":"Rivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ponnusamy","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devinder Kaur Ajit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00101.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1112\/4\/JBISRIR-2017-003382"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.755926"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170963"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0040-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3726\/8\/mjphm\/vol.20\/no.2\/art.304"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.m146"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186549f"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051547"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101554"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1863\/2\/aging.102671"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0511-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315385662-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Measuring functional fitness in older adults","author":"Jones CJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jones CJ, , Rikli RE. 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