{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:17:02Z","timestamp":1777933022472,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory viruses such as influenza and human rhinoviruses are temperature sensitive. Rhinothermy delivers heated, humidified air to the upper airways via the nares, and by possibly inhibiting viral replication, it is proposed as a potential therapy to attenuate the severity and duration of common cold or influenza symptoms. The effect of rhinothermy on nasopharyngeal air space temperature is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rhinothermy delivering 100% humidified air at 41\u00b0C on nasopharyngeal air space temperature. The hypothesis was that the mean nasopharyngeal air space temperature while nose breathing would be within 1.5\u00b0C of the device\u2019s set dew point temperature of 41\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this single-center nonblind nonrandomized parallel arm interventional study, nasopharyngeal air space temperature was continuously measured during delivery of 100% humidified air via a nasal high-flow device at 41\u00b0C and 30\u201335 L\/min (rhinothermy [rNHF]) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      6), and at 31\u00b0C and 10\u2009L\/min (\u2018sham\u2019 rhinothermy) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n =<\/jats:italic>\n                      6). The primary outcome measure was mean nasopharyngeal air space temperature during delivery of rNHF while nose breathing. Change in nasopharyngeal air space temperature during nose breathing and mouth breathing was compared for both interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twelve participants age 18\u201375\u2009years were recruited. The mean (SD) nasopharyngeal air space temperature during rNHF at 41\u00b0C while nose breathing was 37.9\u00b0C (1.22) and with sham rhinothermy at 31\u00b0C was 36.8\u00b0C (0.18). There was no significant difference in nasopharyngeal air space temperature between nose and mouth breathing for both interventions combined (difference [95% CI] \u22120.1\u00b0C [\u22120.59 to 0.36],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .60).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean nasopharyngeal air space temperature during rNHF while nose breathing was not within 1.5\u00b0C of the device\u2019s set dew point temperature of 41\u00b0C. rNHF temperatures may need to be set considerably higher than the target nasopharyngeal air space temperature when investigating the effect of rhinothermy on symptom severity or duration of respiratory infections caused by viruses with temperature-dependent replication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/respcare.12405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1740650880000},"page":"946-953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Airspace Temperature During Rhinothermy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bird and Braithwaite are affiliated with Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Sharpe is affiliated with Otolaryngology Department, Capital &amp; Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Braithwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Bird and Braithwaite are affiliated with Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Weatherall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Weatherall is affiliated with Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prof. Beasley is affiliated with Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand."},{"name":"Prof. Beasley is affiliated with Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand."},{"name":"Prof. Beasley is affiliated with Respiratory Medicine, Capital &amp; Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6910.982"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00043405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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