{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:17:23Z","timestamp":1788182243495,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient\u2013ventilator synchrony is essential for successful patient-triggered ventilation. This study compared the ability of a trigger algorithm, based on detailed analysis of flow changes (IntelliSync+, Hamilton Medical), to trigger patient breaths with conventional algorithms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three models with different lung mechanics (normal, ARDS, and COPD) at 3 severities were simulated with a lung model ventilated in pressure control continuous mandatory ventilation or pressure control continuous spontaneous ventilation (PC-CSV). Inspiratory pressure above PEEP was set at 15\u2009cm H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O and PEEP at 5\u2009cm H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O. Inspiratory trigger was selected from IntelliSync+ (IS+insp), flow trigger (1\u2013 5\u2009L\/min), or pressure trigger (\u22121 to \u22125\u2009cm H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O). In PC-CSV, expiratory trigger was set at IntelliSync+ (IS+exp) or cycling criteria (5%, 25%, and 40% for ARDS, normal, and COPD, respectively). Measurements were performed with and without leak (50% inspiratory tidal volume). Five breaths per condition were collected to calculate trigger delay time and asynchronous events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For pressure trigger, none of the conditions resulted in 3 successfully triggered consecutive breaths. Overall trigger delay time was significantly longer with flow trigger than with IS+insp in normal (99 vs 81 ms without leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001; 98 vs 80 ms with leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and ARDS models (334 vs 223 ms without leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001; 320 vs 236 ms with leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02). Across all conditions, ineffective efforts occurred more frequently with flow trigger than with IS+insp (7.3% vs 1.5% without leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01; 10.8% vs 3.0% with leak,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01). In PC-CSV, overall cycling delay time with IS+exp was equivalent or longer compared with cycling criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this lung model study, IS+insp demonstrated similar trigger time and fewer ineffective efforts compared with flow trigger even in simulated respiratory conditions, whereas cycling delay time was unaffected by IS+exp because of large variations between conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/respcare.12694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T05:06:04Z","timestamp":1746594364000},"page":"1285-1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Trigger Algorithms on Trigger Performance and Patient\u2013Ventilator Synchrony"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Morinishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Morinishi and Mr. Chikata are affiliated with Division of Clinical Engineering, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiga","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Itagaki is affiliated with Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Akimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Akimoto is affiliated with Emergency Department, Tokushima Prefectural Miyoshi Hospital, Miyoshi, Japan."},{"name":"Drs. Akimoto and Oto are affiliated with Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Chikata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mr. Morinishi and Mr. Chikata are affiliated with Division of Clinical Engineering, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Oto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drs. Akimoto and Oto are affiliated with Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0301-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2008.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3692-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0620OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05949"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075198-200102000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-880OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200101000-00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000287594.80110.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-024-03039-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2022.101153"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1703-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0b013e3181a98a05"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.6.1649"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1125-5"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/respcare.12694","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/respcare.12694","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/respcare.12694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:26:41Z","timestamp":1788179201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/respcare.12694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/respcare.12694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/respcare.12694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1943-3654","1943-3654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1943-3654","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-3654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]}}}