{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:20:55Z","timestamp":1778545255115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stem Cells and Development"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Embryonic stem cells are considered to be a good in vitro tool to study the induction of various cell types including cardiomyocytes; however, induction of the pharyngeal endoderm (PE), the underlying heart-forming region, in vivo has been scarcely reported. In the present study, we found that many PE-related genes, such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paxl, Pax9, Sixl,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tbxl,<\/jats:italic>\n                    were up-regulated in cardiomyocyte-rich embryoid bodies (EBs). The third pouch-related genes including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hoxa3, Foxn1,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aire,<\/jats:italic>\n                    which are crucial for thymus development and function, were also detected in later stages.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nkx2.5,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a cardiac transcription factor gene, is known to be transiently expressed in the PE. By crossing Nkx2.5-Cre mice with Cre-dependent EGFP reporter mice, we found that Nkx2.5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lineage exclusively contributed to thymic epithelial cell development, followed by thymus development. Gene expression analysis using Nkx2.5-EGFP ES cells also revealed that PE-related mRNAs were specifically enriched in the transiently appearing E-cadherin\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Nkx2.5\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cell fraction. Interestingly, the EB-derived cells were found capable of supporting T-cell differentiation to CD4 or CD8 double-positive cells in a reaggregation organ culture in vitro. Our results suggest that EBs contain cells that resemble third pharyngeal pouch endoderm and confer a thymus-like microenvironment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]],"date-time":"2010-03-15T12:52:47Z","timestamp":1268657567000},"page":"1735-1743","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differentiation of Pharyngeal Endoderm from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tokushima","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Amagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meiji University of Integrative Medicine","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tokushima","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousuke","family":"Takahama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tokushima","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(03)00112-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02367"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.7.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00333-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2005.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.01.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0104fje"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2007.0235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2004-0184"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602280103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Development of T-lymphocytes in mouse fetal thymus organ culture","volume":"290","author":"Ueno T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ueno T, , Liu C, , Nitta T, , Takahama Y. 2005. Development of T-lymphocytes in mouse fetal thymus organ culture. 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