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However, the understanding of the proliferation and differentiation capacity of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSCs) is limited. In this study, we compared the proliferative potential of T-MSCs with those of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (A-MSCs). Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanism of T-MSC function. We showed that T-MSCs proliferated faster than A-MSCs and BM-MSCs in methylthiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assays, cell count assays, and cell cycle distribution analyses. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that the expression of fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF5) was significantly elevated in T-MSCs compared with those in A-MSCs and BM-MSCs. Cell growth curves showed a difference in cell growth between untreated cells and siFGF5-treated T-MSCs. The administration of recombinant human FGF5 (rhFGF5) to the cells transfected with siFGF5 led to a significant increase in the proliferation rates. The administration of rhFGF5 to T-MSCs led to an increase in the levels of phosphorylated ERK1\/2. However, treatment with siFGF5 resulted in an overall decrease in the level of phosphorylated ERK1\/2. The osteogenic differentiation of T-MSCs was reduced following siFGF5 transfection, and it recovered to near-normal levels when rhFGF5 was added. These findings indicate that T-MSCs show significantly higher proliferative potential compared with those of BM-MSCs and A-MSCs. FGF5 facilitates cell proliferation through ERK1\/2 activation, and it influences the osteogenic differentiation of T-MSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T09:53:06Z","timestamp":1464169986000},"page":"1149-1160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor-5 on the Proliferation of Human Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Gi Cheol","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Sun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusan National 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