{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:28:30Z","timestamp":1788870510158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the procedure of choice for treatment of cholelithiasis\/cholecystitis. Conversion rates (CR) to open cholecystectomy (OC) have been reported previously as 5\u201315% in elective cases, and up to 25% in patients with acute cholecystitis. We examined the CR in a tertiary-care academic hospital and a statewide surgery quality collaborative, and to compare complications and outcomes in elective and emergency cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective data were obtained from: 1) Non-Trauma Emergency Surgery (NTE) database of all emergent cholecystectomies 1\/1\/2008-12\/31\/2009; and 2) Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC) database with a random sample of 20\u201330% of all operations performed 1\/1\/2005\u201312\/31\/2010, including both University of Michigan (UM) data and statewide data from 34 participating hospitals. Patient characteristics, CR, and outcomes were compared for emergent vs. elective cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-trauma ES patients had a mean hospital length of stay (HLOS) of 4.9\u2009d. Open cholecystectomy-HLOS was greater (4.0, LC; 7.9 laparoscopic converted to open cholecystectomy; 8.7, OC, p&lt;0.0001); mortality was 0.35% and CR was 17.5%. In the UM-MSQC dataset, OC-HLOS was greater (6.8 OC vs. 4.6 LC, p&lt;0.001); mortality was 0.65%; CR was 9.1% in elective cases and 14.9% in emergent cases. CR was almost two-fold higher [17.5% of all NTE cholecystectomies vs. 9.1% of UM-MSQC elective cholecystectomies (p=0.00078)]. The statewide MSQC cholecystectomy data showed significantly increased HLOS in emergent cholecystectomy patients (4.34 vs. 2.65\u2009d; p&lt;0.0001). Morbidity (8.8 vs. 3.7%) and mortality (2.6 vs. 0.5%) rates were also significantly higher in emergent vs. elective cholecystectomies (p&lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In NTE patients requiring cholecystectomy, CR is almost two-fold higher but is lower than in reports published previously (25%). However, there is a wide variability in mortality and morbidity for emergency cholecystectomy in both unadjusted and risk-adjusted analyses. Further studies are required to determine modifiable risk factors to improve outcomes in emergency cholecystectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T10:38:19Z","timestamp":1385375899000},"page":"512-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Emergent versus Elective Cholecystectomy: Conversion Rates and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kathleen B.","family":"To","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill R.","family":"Cherry-Bukowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Englesbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Terjimanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Shijie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Darrell A.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena M.","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Department of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4293\/108680810X12924466007926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318228d31c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2004.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2010.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Nontrauma emergency surgery: optimal case mix for general surgery and acute care surgery training","volume":"71","author":"Cherry-Bukowiec JR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cherry-Bukowiec JR, , Miller BS, , Doherty GM, et al. Nontrauma emergency surgery: optimal case mix for general surgery and acute care surgery training. J Trauma, 2011; 71:1422\u20131426.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.0526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815c3fe5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2010.220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2010.11.007"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2012.160","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2012.160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2012.160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:17:57Z","timestamp":1777688277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2012.160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2012.160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2012.160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]}}}