{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:38:23Z","timestamp":1777934303951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the Netherlands. There is little evidence in regard to differences in the efficacy of pre-operative topical antisepsis with iodine\u2013alcohol as compared with chlorhexidine-alcohol for preventing SSI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a retrospective analysis at a single center, involving all patients who underwent breast, colon, or vascular surgery in 2010 and 2011, in which pre-operative disinfection of the skin was done with iodine\u2013alcohol in 2010 and with chlorhexidine\u2013alcohol in 2011. Demographic characteristics, surgical parameters, and rates of SSI were compared in the two groups of patients. Subgroup analyses were done for wound classification, wound type, and type of surgery performed. Associations of patient characteristics with SSI were also investigated. Data were analyzed with \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, Student\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, and logistic regression analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of SSI in the two study groups, at 6.1% for the patients who underwent antisepsis with iodine\u2013alcohol and 3.8% for those who underwent disinfection with chlorhexidine\u2013alcohol (p=0.20). After multivariable analysis, an odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.30\u20131.47) in favor of chlorhexidine\u2013alcohol was found. Male gender, acute surgery, absence of antibiotic prophylaxis, and longer hospital length of stay (LOS) were all associated with SSI after pre-operative topical antisepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center study conducted over a course of one year with each of the preparations investigated, no difference in the rate of SSI was found after an instantaneous protocol change from iodine\u2013alcohol to chlorhexidine\u2013alcohol for pre-operative topical antisepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T18:37:53Z","timestamp":1399315073000},"page":"310-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Site Infections after Chlorhexidine\u2013Alcohol versus Iodine\u2013Alcohol for Pre-Operative Antisepsis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ayoub","family":"Charehbili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rutger-Jan","family":"Swijnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jephta","family":"van den Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"van Gijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leiden University Medical Center","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Calculated based on reference numbers March 2007\u2013March 2011: Prevalentieonderzoek [Internet]. Prezies. 2010 (cited on 2-21-2012). Available via: www.prezies.nl\/zkh\/prev\/ref_cijfers\/Referentiecijfers%20Prevalentie%20tm%20maart%202011_3.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Workgroup Infection Prevention Guideline on Disinfection of Skin and Mucosa [Internet]. 2011 (cited on 8-13-2012). Available via: www.rivm.nl\/dsresource?objectid=rivmp:46529&type=org&disposition=inline"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7214"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501620"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(91)90157-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/659253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656561"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318186cd7f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/605926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/665723"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2012.185","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2012.185","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2012.185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:18:10Z","timestamp":1777688290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2012.185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2012.185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2012.185","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]]}}}