{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1778657839551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group A streptococcal infections are a major cause of benign and deadly human infections with their most destructive manifestation taking the form of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) and toxic shock syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mainstays of treatment have not changed since antibiotic agents were added to the standard of early diagnosis and aggressive surgical debridement, and the mortality rate continues to be staggering. In the age of targeted medicine, there is undoubtedly a need for a more precise approach to treating this spectrum of aggressive diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review covers the basic biology and clinical presentation of NSTIs and group A streptococcal sepsis with particular attention to novel treatments that may transform care and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2018.225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T08:20:03Z","timestamp":1544430003000},"page":"745-749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel Immune Therapies in the Management of Streptococcal Sepsis and Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eileen M.","family":"Bulger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Jones J. Surgical Memoirs of the War of the Rebellion: Investigation Upon the Nature Causes and Treatment of Hospital Gangrene As Prevailed in the Confederate Armies 1861\u20131865. New York: Published for the U.S. Sanitary Commission by Hurd and Houghton; 1871."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-014-1162-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880500484X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2010.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90140-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(77)90283-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpsurg.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.1.232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.2.455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Source control in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock: An evidence-based review","author":"Marshall JC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marshall JC, , Maier RV, , Jimenez M, et al. Source control in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock: An evidence-based review. 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