{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:06:04Z","timestamp":1778864764802,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-surgical intervention has been proposed for the management of perianal abscess (PA) and fistula-in-ano (FIA), with potential benefits in terms of quality of life, wound healing, and functional outcome, although this strategy remains rare and controversial. Here, we aimed to compare the intermediate-term outcomes of non-surgical management with those of surgical incision and\/or drainage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A study of pediatric patients with first-time PA and\/or FIA was conducted retrospectively from January 2010 to December 2020. The patient population was stratified by surgical and non-surgical management. The clinical outcomes, including PA recurrence, FIA formation, and wound healing time, were compared between the surgical and non-surgical management groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 457 patients managed for first-time PA and\/or FIA were eligible for the current study. Of these patients, 169 (50.9%) patients received non-surgical intervention. There were no differences in terms of age, gender distribution, wound healing course, or abscess size between the two groups. Furthermore, no difference was noted between the two groups in terms of PA recurrence and\/or FIA development rates and revisits for additional treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although PA\/FIA management is still controversial, non-surgical intervention exhibited promising outcomes for most cases of first-time PA\/FIA, with fewer hospital admissions and surgical procedures and similar recurrence and fistula formation incidences. Immediate surgical intervention might be avoided because PA\/FIA has a chance for spontaneous resolution in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1654077924000},"page":"465-469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intermediate-Term Evaluation of Initial Non-Surgical Management of Pediatric Perianal Abscess and Fistula-In-Ano"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cailong","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guobin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rensen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunbao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."},{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China."},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-2956-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2019.00969"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2009.01644.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15801"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603092"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"364","article-title":"[Application of closed negative pressure irrigation and suction device in the treatment of high perianal abscess]","volume":"22","author":"Chen SQ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen SQ, , Liu WC, , Zhang ZZ, et al. [Application of closed negative pressure irrigation and suction device in the treatment of high perianal abscess]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2019; 22:364\u2013369.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"CD006827","article-title":"Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula","volume":"7","author":"Malik AI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malik AI, , Nelson RL, , Tou S. Incision and drainage of perianal abscess with or without treatment of anal fistula. 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Eur J Med Res, 2006; 11:501\u2013515.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"686","article-title":"Outcome after incision and drainage with fistulotomy for ischiorectal abscess","volume":"63","author":"Cox SW","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cox SW, , Senagore AJ, , Luchtefeld MA, , Mazier WP. Outcome after incision and drainage with fistulotomy for ischiorectal abscess. 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